{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:03:32Z","timestamp":1759971812532,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8299,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a growing demand in the Arab world for the use of Arabic script in inputting and accessing information systems and the establishment of Arab databases. In all Arab countries, Arabic is the working language In management, business, accounting, education, arts, and literature and to a lesser extent in science, medicine, and engineering. Arab member countries in the International Information System for Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS), whose carrler language is English, face some difficulties in preparing documents in the Arabic language for AGRIS input. The method of script conversion through transliteration, which is used by AGRIS and the Library of Congress is neither helpful or acceptable to Arab librarians and Information specialists. These and similar complaints have prompted information and computer specialists to address the issues of Arabization of computer terminals and Input\/output procedures. This article addresses the problem of Arabic computerized Information exchange and highlights the basic differences between treatment of Arabic and English. It also discusses the various Arab attempts to formulate standards for coding Arabic letters and vowels points and their sorting sequence. Another area that this article explores is the high degree of syntactical flexibility which characterizes the Arabic language and complicates data retrieval, computer aided translation, and human machine interface. A unified standard for the Arab\/Latin Computer Code known as CODAR\u2010UFD based on the ASCII Code was adopted in 1982. This article discusses this new code and describes some of the existing terminals that use other codes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630350403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T16:21:41Z","timestamp":1183047701000},"page":"204-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of arabic in computerized information interchange"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Aman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Hegazi O.;Ibrahim Z. I.\u201cA Case Study: Transliteration of Arabic characters in AGRIS.\u201d Paper Presented at the First International Information Conference Cairo Egypt December 13\u201315 1982."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7837(76)90020-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"962","volume-title":"The Impact of Computers on Arabic Writing, Character Processing and Teaching","author":"Kubba G. A.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","article-title":"Bilingual problems","volume":"28","author":"Mosawi A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Middle East Computing."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Library of Congress Cataloging Service","volume":"118","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bulletin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"Dewachi A.\u201cConsiderations for the Implementation of an Arabic Code.\u201d Paper Presented at the Conference of the Gulf Organization for Industrial Engineering Doha May1981."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"\u201cIsti \u2018mal al\u2010Shafra al\u2010\u2019Arabiya al\u2010Muwahadda fil\u2010Hasibat al\u2010Iliktruniya\u201d (Use of Unified Arabic Code in Electronic Computers)","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"al\u2010Mijallah al\u2010\u2018Arabiyah lil\u2010\u2019Ulum (Arab Journal of Science)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"ALECSO. \u201cFinal Report on the Use of the Arabic Language in Computers.\u201d Paper Presented at Ain Shams University Cairo April 13\u201316 1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"IBI\/COARIN. Minutes of the First Meeting Rome June 14\u201315 1977."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"95","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"al\u2010Mijallah al\u2010\u2018Arabiyah lil\u2010\u2019Ulum (Arab Journal of Science)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"99","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"al\u2010Mijallah al\u2010\u2018Arabiyah lil\u2010\u2019Ulum (Arab Journal of Science)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"ISO646.7\u2010bit Coded Character Set for Information Processing Interchange.Geneva:ISO;1973:12pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"ISO2022.Code Extension Techniques for Use with the 7\u2010bit Code Character Set.Geneva:ISO;1973:23pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"ISO2375.Data Processing: Procedures for Registration of Escape Sequences.Geneva:ISO;1974:2pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"The EURAB terminal","volume":"16","author":"Isotta N. E. C.","year":"1978","journal-title":"ESA Bulletin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Saudi\u2010built computer programs in Arabic","volume":"7","author":"Graham D.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Saudi Business."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Computer Configuration and Applications for ALDOC","author":"Valentin R.","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.4630350403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.4630350403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:24:48Z","timestamp":1759944288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.4630350403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.4630350403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630350403","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-8231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4571"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]}}}