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Bypass can be analyzed by separately considering three processes: (a) addition of a base opposite a lesion, (b) a proofreading excision process, and (c) a rate limiting elongation step. Adenine nucleotides are preferentially added opposite many lesions making it possible to predict mutational specificity. Replicative bypass (translesion synthesis) is dependent on modulation of proofreading exonuclease activity but loss of exonuclease activity alone is not sufficient to ensure bypass. Frameshift mutation is the result of the failure of translesion synthesis accompanied by rearrangement of the template, particularly at repetitive sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950130206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T10:33:20Z","timestamp":1109327600000},"page":"79-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["The \u2018A rule\u2019 of mutagen specificity: A consequence of DNA polymerase bypass of non\u2010instructional lesions?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bernard S.","family":"Strauss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60266-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90337-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(68)90445-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(76)90156-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(90)90009-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1984.Supplement_6.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.54.1.18-51.1990","article-title":"Nucleotide excision repair in Escherichia coli","volume":"54","author":"Van Houten B.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Microbiological Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(90)90013-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"493","article-title":"Translesion DNA synthesis, polymerase response to altered nucleotides","volume":"4","author":"Strauss B. 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