{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:13:08Z","timestamp":1771945988947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]],"date-time":"2005-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3568,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bacterium <jats:italic>Deinococcus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>formerly Micrococcus<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>radiodurans<\/jats:italic> and other members of the eubacterial family Deinococaceae are extremely resistant to ionizing radiation and many other agents that damage DNA. Stationary phase <jats:italic>D. radiodurans<\/jats:italic> exposed to 1.0\u20101.5 Mrad \u03b3\u2010irradiation sustains &gt;120 DNA double\u2010strand breaks (dsbs) per chromosome; these dsbs are mended over a period of hours with 100% survival and virtually no mutagenesis. This contrasts with nearly all other organisms in which just a few ionizing radiation induced\u2010dsbs per chromosome are lethal. In this article we present an hypothesis that resistance of <jats:italic>D. radiodurans<\/jats:italic> to ionizing radiation and its ability to mend radiation\u2010induced dsbs are due to a special form of redundancy wherein chromosomes exist in pairs, linked to each other by thousands of four\u2010stranded (Holliday) junctions. Thus, a dsb is not a lethal event because the identical undamaged duplex is nearby, providing an accurate repair template. As addressed in this article, much of what is known about <jats:italic>D. radiodurans<\/jats:italic> suggests that it is particularly suited for this proposed novel form of DNA repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950170514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T08:51:33Z","timestamp":1109321493000},"page":"457-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["A model for repair of radiation\u2010induced DNA double\u2010strand breaks in the extreme radiophile <i>Deinococcus radiodurans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Minton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"575","article-title":"Studies on a radio\u2010resistant micrococcus. I. Isolation, morphology, cultural characteristics, and resistance to gamma irradiation","volume":"10","author":"Anderson A. W.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Food Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4505-3_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2191-1_42"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-66-1-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-36-2-202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-035409-2.50009-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-322650-1.50089-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(77)90120-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.134.1.71-75.1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10409239009090617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.48.070179.004031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553007614550331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2787(65)90010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.12.3508-3517.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.24.7506-7515.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.13.6161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.58.3.401-465.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90340-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(76)90122-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.24.7439-7446.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.11.3581-3590.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)90124-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(94)90064-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00633842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"664","article-title":"The resistance of Micrococcus adiodurans to ultraviolet radiation. I. Ultraviolet\u2010induced lesions in the cell's DNA","volume":"87","author":"Setlow J. K.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.6.3133-3138.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.138.3.871-877.1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"UV repair and mutagenesis in Azotobacter vinelandii","volume":"140","author":"Majumdar S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Zbl. Mikrobiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300001233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Replication and Recombination of Genetic Material","author":"Holliday R","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.7.2299"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.25.7193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bb.22.060193.001503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.6.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90331-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.1.358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(91)90942-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1976.tb06769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00677a022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.61.070192.003325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06453.x","article-title":"Xer\u2010mediated site\u2010specific recombination at cer generates Holliday junctions in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Culloch R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.6.2137-2140.1991","article-title":"A highly conserved repeated chromosomal sequence in the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans SARK","volume":"173","author":"Lennon E.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90440-7"}],"container-title":["BioEssays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbies.950170514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.950170514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T19:57:57Z","timestamp":1698350277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bies.950170514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bies.950170514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.950170514","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-9247","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-1878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-01-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-02-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}