{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:14:38Z","timestamp":1772813678290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]],"date-time":"2005-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2988,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>ESTs or \u2018expressed sequence tags\u2019 are DNA sequences read from both ends of expressed gene fragments. The Merck\u2010WashU EST Project and several other public EST projects are being performed to rapidly discover the complement of human genes, and make them easily accessible. These ESTs are widely used to discover novel members of gene families, to map genes to chromosomes as \u2018sequence\u2010tagged sites\u2019 (STSs), and to identify mutations leading to heritable diseases. Informatic strategies for querying the EST databases are discussed, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the EST data. There is a compelling need to build on the informatic synthesis of human gene data, and to devise facile methods for determining gene functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950181207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,25]],"date-time":"2005-05-25T18:41:17Z","timestamp":1117046477000},"page":"973-981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["It's the genes! EST access to human genome content"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Gerhold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. Thomas","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.8.1837"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1192-173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355632a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1546285"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"The Merck Gene Index, A Public Resource for Genomics Research","volume":"7","author":"Williamson A. R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. NIH Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.17.3441"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0893-332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.20.9228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"829","article-title":"Towards the development of a gene index to the human genome, an assessment of the nature of high\u2010throughput EST sequence data","volume":"6","author":"Aaronson J. S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0895-369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Human Genetics, The Molecular Revolution","author":"McConkey E. W.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(95)80655-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"376","article-title":"An improved system for exon recognition and gene modeling in human DNA sequences","volume":"2","author":"Xu Y.","year":"1994","journal-title":"ISMB"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9779"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.9.1663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/378789a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(91)90420-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.8.1373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5235.467"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2294592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2218528"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00356553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5.3.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","unstructured":"GCG(1994).Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package. Genetics Computer Group 575 Science Drive Madison Wisconsin USA 53711."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Maniatis T.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.4.1.S40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","unstructured":"Nishikawa T.andNagai K.(1996).EST error analysis in a large\u2010scale GenBank search of ESTs using rapid\u2010identity\u2010searching program for DNA sequences. Presented atGenome Mapping and Sequencing Conference Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7542800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5235.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.14.6479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.20.9228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6.5.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380149a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80101-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(94)90266-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0596-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0592-124"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0696-167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/379597a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1465615"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardin S. H. Jones L. B. Homayouni R.andMcCollum J. C.(1996). Octamer primed cycle sequencing: design of an optimized primer library.Genome Res. (in press).","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6.6.545"}],"container-title":["BioEssays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbies.950181207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.950181207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T19:40:00Z","timestamp":1698349200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bies.950181207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bies.950181207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.950181207","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-9247","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-1878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-10-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-02-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}