{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:24:38Z","timestamp":1767651878049},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]],"date-time":"1990-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":654739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Curative surgery is possible in only a small minority of patients with pancreatic cancer and, to date, responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been disappointing. To make any impact on the incidence of the disease a clearer understanding of its aetiology is required. This review explores present knowledge of the aetiology and epidemiology of pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800771025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T13:41:40Z","timestamp":1172929300000},"page":"1159-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Aetiology of pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Haddock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary , Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9YW,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D C","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary , Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9YW,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"US Department of Health, Education and Welfare","year":"1968","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","key":"2024092807505369200_bib1"},{"volume-title":"Cancer Facts and Figures","year":"1977","author":"American Cancer Society","key":"2024092807505369200_bib2"},{"volume-title":"Studies on Medical and Population Subjects, No. 29","year":"1975","author":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys","key":"2024092807505369200_bib3"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib4","first-page":"2","article-title":"Cancer of the pancreas: international mortality trends","volume":"31","author":"Aoki","year":"1978","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01656020","article-title":"Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer","volume":"8","author":"Gordis","year":"1984","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.7.580","article-title":"Progress report: cancer of the pancreas","volume":"18","author":"Morgan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib7","first-page":"3437","article-title":"Cancers of the pancreas and biliary tract: epidemiological considerations","volume":"35","author":"Fraumeni","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib8","first-page":"385","article-title":"Recorded and expected mortality among Japanese of the United States and Hawaii, with special reference to cancer","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib9","first-page":"43","article-title":"Studies of Japanese migrants I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States","volume":"40","author":"Haenszel","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196505)18:5<656::AID-CNCR2820180515>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Cancer mortality among Japanese Issei and Nisei of California","volume":"18","author":"Bueli","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib11","first-page":"445","article-title":"On the significance of cause of death as recorded on death certificates in Hiroshima and Nagasaki","volume":"19","author":"Jablon","year":"1966","journal-title":"Jpn Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(74)90039-3","article-title":"Relation of place of birth and migration in cancer mortality in the US: a study of Ohio residence (1959\u20131967)","volume":"27","author":"Mancusco","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib13","first-page":"1716","article-title":"The ethnic distribution of cancer mortality in New York City, 1955","volume":"16","author":"MacMahon","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acto Unio Int Contra Cancrum"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib14","first-page":"405","article-title":"Distribution of cancer mortality among ethnic subgroups of the white population of New York City","volume":"26","author":"Newill","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(70)90019-8","article-title":"Cancer death rates by site and sex for religions and socioeconomic groups in New York City","volume":"3","author":"Seidman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197810)42:4<1943::AID-CNCR2820420437>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Cancer and total mortality among active Mormons, 1943\u20131951","volume":"42","author":"Enstrom","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197601152940303","article-title":"Cancer incidence in Mormons in Utah","volume":"294","author":"Lyon","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Dorn study of smoking and mortality among US veterans: report on eight and one-half years of observation","volume":"19","author":"Kahn","year":"1966","journal-title":"Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"volume-title":"A Canadian Study of Smoking and Health","year":"1966","author":"Best","key":"2024092807505369200_bib19"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib20","first-page":"126","article-title":"Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women","volume":"19","author":"Hammond","year":"1966","journal-title":"Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib21","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Origins of Human Cancer","author":"Hirayama","year":"1977"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092807505369200_bib22","first-page":"49","article-title":"Pancreas cancer and smoking, beverage consumption, and past medical history","volume":"76","author":"Mack","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092807505369200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114972","article-title":"Life-style risk factors for pancreatic cancer in Louisiana: a case control study","volume":"128","author":"Falk","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024092807505369200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320090019020","article-title":"Coffee and pancreatic cancer. The problems of etiologic science and epidemiologic research","volume":"246","author":"Feinstein","year":"1981","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6051.1525","article-title":"Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years observation on male British doctors","volume":"2","author":"Doll","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"volume-title":"The relationship of smoking and some social covariables to mortality and cancer morbidity: a ten-year follow-up in a probability sample of 55 000 Swedish subjects age 18\u201369","year":"1975","author":"Cederlof","key":"2024092807505369200_bib26"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198103123041102","article-title":"Coffee and cancer of the pancreas","volume":"304","author":"MacMahon","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092807505369200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/50.3.645","article-title":"Epidemiology of cancer of the pancreas","volume":"50","author":"Wynder","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930020206","article-title":"The rising incidence of carcinoma of the pancreas real or apparentarticle-title","volume":"2","author":"Krain","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.73.12.1403","article-title":"The temporal relation between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer","volume":"74","author":"Weiss","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910150411","article-title":"Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices","volume":"15","author":"Armstrong","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024092807505369200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113674","article-title":"Coffee and pancreatic cancer: an analysis of international mortality data","volume":"118","author":"Binstock","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1983.75","article-title":"Diet, alcohol, tobacco, and risk of pancreatic cancer: a case-controlled study","volume":"47","author":"Durbec","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib34","first-page":"2228","article-title":"An epidemiological evaluation of the causes of cancer of the pancreas","volume":"35","author":"Wynder","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib35","first-page":"449","article-title":"Classification of pancreatic cancer (non-endocrine)","volume":"54","author":"Cubilla","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092807505369200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198607000-00008","article-title":"Pancreatic-duct reflux and acute gallstone pancreatitis","volume":"204","author":"Armstrong","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820115)49:2<361::AID-CNCR2820490225>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Relationships between pancreaticobiliary ductal anatomy and pancreatic ductal and parenchymal histology","volume":"49","author":"DiMagno","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/66.6.1192","article-title":"The causes of cancer, quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today","volume":"66","author":"Doll","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib39","first-page":"432","article-title":"Neoplasms and environmental factors","volume":"41","author":"Lea","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib40","first-page":"1839","article-title":"Epidemiological problems of pancreatic cancer (Suizogan noekigaku ni okeru mondaiten)","volume":"26","author":"Ishii","year":"1968","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Med (Nippon Rinsho)"},{"volume-title":"Cancer Mortality for Selected Sites in 24 Countries, No. 5 1964\u201365","year":"1969","author":"Segi","key":"2024092807505369200_bib41"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib42","first-page":"452","volume":"23","author":"Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)","year":"1969","journal-title":"Production Yearbook"},{"volume-title":"Banbury Report No. 7. Gastrointestinal Cancer: Endogenous Factors","year":"1981","author":"Hirayama","key":"2024092807505369200_bib43"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib44","first-page":"3460","article-title":"Epidemiology of cancer of the stomach with special reference to its recent decrease in Japan","volume":"35","author":"Hirayama","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850115)55:2<460::AID-CNCR2820550229>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Diet and other risk factors fo cancer of the pancreas","volume":"55","author":"Gold","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092807505369200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114972","article-title":"Life-style risk factors for pancreatic cancer in Louisiana: a case control study","volume":"128","author":"Falk","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880615)61:12<2578::AID-CNCR2820611232>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Dietary habits and past medical history as related to fatal pancreas cancer risk among adventists","volume":"61","author":"Mills","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib48","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Enhancement of experimental pancreatic cancer in Syrian goldan hamsters by dietary fat","volume":"67","author":"Birt","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Nail Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib49","first-page":"355","article-title":"Interaction of dietary fat and protein on pancreatic carcinogenesis in Syrian golden hamsters","volume":"71","author":"Birt","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092807505369200_bib50","first-page":"219","article-title":"Enhancement of pancreatic carcinogenesis by a dietary unsaturated fat in rats treated with saline of N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl) (2-oxopropyl) amine","volume":"74","author":"Longnecker","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib51","first-page":"19","article-title":"Inhibition of pancreatic carcinogenesis by retinoids in azaserine-freated rats","volume":"42","author":"Longnecker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092807505369200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-198605000-00005","article-title":"Effects of retinoids in N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine treated hamsters","volume":"1","author":"Longnecker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107418","article-title":"Hormonal control of pancreatic growth","volume":"52","author":"Mainz","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib54","first-page":"73P","article-title":"The trophic influence of cholecystokinin in the rat pancreas","volume":"238","author":"Barrowman","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib55","first-page":"57","article-title":"Influence of chronic application of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and secretin on stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion","volume":"9","author":"Folsch","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biologie et Gastroenterologie"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1985.15","article-title":"Pancreatic carcinogenesis -enhancement by cholecystokinin in the hamster-nitrosamine model","volume":"51","author":"Howatson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(77)94455-X","article-title":"Potentiation of the action of azaserine on the rat pancreas by raw soya bean flower","volume":"3","author":"Morgan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-4449-0_7","volume-title":"Cancer: A Comprehensive Treatise","author":"Weisberger","year":"1975"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19861015)58:8+<1795::AID-CNCR2820581403>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Carcinogens and mutagens that may occur in foods","volume":"58","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib60","first-page":"829","volume-title":"Chemical Carcinogens","author":"Preussmann","year":"1984","edition":"2nd"},{"volume-title":"N-nitroso compounds: occurrence and biological effects. IARC Publications No. 41","year":"1982","author":"Bartsch","key":"2024092807505369200_bib61"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19861015)58:8+<1842::AID-CNCR2820581410>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Effects of vitamins C and E on N-nitroso compound formation, carcinogenesis, and cancer","volume":"58","author":"Mirvish","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90169-5","article-title":"Low serum vitamin A and subsequent risk of cancer; preliminary results of a prospective study","volume":"ii","author":"Wald","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1986.267","article-title":"Serum retinol and subsequent risk of cancer","volume":"54","author":"Wald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1970.25","article-title":"Cancer mortality in relation to national consumption of cigarettes, solid fuel, tea and coffee","volume":"24","author":"Stocks","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198103123041102","article-title":"Coffee and cancer of the pancreas","volume":"304","author":"MacMahon","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib67","first-page":"2676","article-title":"Risk factors for cancer of the pancreas","volume":"50","author":"MacMahon","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024092807505369200_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608283150918","article-title":"Coffee and pancreatic cancer (chapter 2)","volume":"315","author":"Hseih","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910400305","article-title":"Coffee consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer","volume":"40","author":"LaVecchia","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03310270027018","article-title":"A multifactorial model for pancreatic cnacer in man: epidemiologic evidence","volume":"245","author":"Lin","year":"1981","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90442-6","article-title":"Coffee and pancreatic cancer","volume":"ii","author":"Jick","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib72","first-page":"5360","article-title":"Case-control study of decaffeinated coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer","volume":"46","author":"Wynder","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(52)80120-9","article-title":"Pedigree of a family with hereditary chronic relapsing pancreatitis","volume":"21","author":"Comfort","year":"1952","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(62)90232-2","article-title":"Hereditary pancreatitis. Description of a fifth kindred and summary of clinical features","volume":"33","author":"Gross","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib75","first-page":"426","article-title":"Hereditary pancreatitis","volume":"116","author":"Whitten","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1974.01350250053014","article-title":"Hereditary pancreatitis; review and presentation of additional kindred","volume":"108","author":"Appel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib77","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Case 25\u20131972","volume":"286","author":"Castleman","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib78","first-page":"963","article-title":"Carcinoma of the pancreas: diagnostic and operative criteria based on one hundred consecutive autopsies","volume":"28","author":"Mikal","year":"1950","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib79","first-page":"174","article-title":"Pancreatitis associated with pancreatic carcinoma: a study of 26 cases","volume":"46","author":"Gambill","year":"1971","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)35243-6","article-title":"Chronic relapsing pancreatitis: fate of fifty-six patients first encountered in the years 1939 to 1943, inclusive","volume":"39","author":"Gambill","year":"1960","journal-title":"Gastroenlerology"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1148\/94.2.289","article-title":"The occurrence of carcinoma of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis","volume":"94","author":"Robinson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)35497-6","article-title":"Carcinoma of the pancreas associated with chronic relapsing pancreatitis","volume":"35","author":"Bartholomew","year":"1958","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib83","first-page":"590","article-title":"Pankreaskarzinom bei chronischer Pankreatitis","volume":"105","author":"Mohr","year":"1975","journal-title":"Schweizer Medizinische Wochenschrifl"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib84","first-page":"889","article-title":"Cancer primitif du pancreas","volume":"66","author":"Marallie","year":"1893","journal-title":"Gaz Hop Civ Milit"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1941.00200090152007","article-title":"The diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"68","author":"Berk","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092807505369200_bib86","first-page":"499","article-title":"Carcinoma of the pancreas. I. A clinical and pathologic study of 609 necropsied cases. II. The relation of carcinoma of the pancreas to diabetes mellitus","volume":"33","author":"Bell","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092807505369200_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.7.4.308","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in association with primary carcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"7","author":"Green","year":"1958","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5262.1259","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and primary carcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"2","author":"Clark","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092807505369200_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800560512","article-title":"The association between carcinoma of the pancreas and diabetes mellitus","volume":"56","author":"Karmody","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092807505369200_bib90","first-page":"673","article-title":"Cancer mortality among diabeics","volume":"44","author":"Kessler","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(71)90133-0","article-title":"Cancer and diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Kessler","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Chron Dis"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00273858","article-title":"Frequency of cancer among insulin-treated diabetic patients in Denmark","volume":"28","author":"Green","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1986.185","article-title":"Diabetes, gallstone disease, and pancreatic cancer","volume":"54","author":"Norell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930240404","article-title":"Streptozotocin prevents development of nitrosamine-induced pancreatic cancer in the Syrian hamster","volume":"24","author":"Bell","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(87)90014-0","article-title":"Pancreatic carcinogenicity of N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl)amine in diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese hamsters","volume":"34","author":"Bell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib96","first-page":"431","article-title":"Diabetes enhances growth of pancreatic carcinoma cells","volume":"104","author":"Fisher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092807505369200_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072886","article-title":"A prospective study of glucose tolerance, insulin, c-peptide and glucagon responses in patients with pancreatic cancer","volume":"23","author":"Schwartz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib98","first-page":"583","article-title":"Oral glucose tolerance in patients with jaundice","volume":"140","author":"Ozawa","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(86)90102-2","article-title":"Pancreatic insulin secretion in exocrine pancreatic cancer","volume":"40","author":"Bell","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00410309","article-title":"A case-control study of pancreatic carcinoma","volume":"103","author":"Haines","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib101","first-page":"280","article-title":"Association of cholecystectomy with abdominal cancers","volume":"34","author":"Hyvarinen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib102","first-page":"439","article-title":"Epidemiology characteristics and trace elements in pancreatic cancer in Greece","volume":"4","author":"Manousos","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib103","first-page":"1289","article-title":"The effect of cholecystectomy on plasma CCK and pancreatic growth in the hamster","volume":"84","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(84)90169-0","article-title":"Cholecystectomy stimulates hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the hamster pancreas","volume":"37","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib105","first-page":"4782","article-title":"Combined effect of cholecystectomy and lithocholic acid on pancreatic carcinogenesis of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in Syrian golden hamsters","volume":"46","author":"Ura","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024092807505369200_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198208263070902","article-title":"Late mortality after surgery for peptic ulcer","volume":"307","author":"McLean-Ross","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib107","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Gastric surgery as a risk factor in human carcinogenesis","volume":"88","author":"Caygill","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092807505369200_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80011-4","article-title":"Partial gastrectomy: a risk factor for carcinoma of the pancreasarticle-title","volume":"18","author":"Offerhaus","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Pathol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib109","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Tumors of the Pancreas","author":"Pour","year":"1980","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870715)60:2<245::AID-CNCR2820600222>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer risk following gastric surgery","volume":"60","author":"Marighini","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33156-7","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in four siblings","volume":"65","author":"MacDermott","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gaslroenlerology"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1976.tb01598.x","article-title":"Familial carcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"9","author":"Friedman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)91244-2","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer in father and son","volume":"i","author":"Reimer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-2-282_1","article-title":"Pancreatic carcinoma in brothers","volume":"97","author":"Dat","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320450032028","article-title":"A familial aggregation of pancreatic cancer: an in vitro study","volume":"247","author":"Danes","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-1-111_2","article-title":"Familial pancreatic cancer","volume":"98","author":"Grajower","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870501)59:9<1661::AID-CNCR2820590923>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma in three generations; a case report and a review of the literature","volume":"59","author":"Ehrenthal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib118","first-page":"277","article-title":"Cohort study of workers exposed to betanaphthylamine and benzidine","volume":"9","author":"Mancusco","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib119","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Cancer mortality among chemists","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib120","first-page":"192","article-title":"Epidemiological study of the mortality of British chemists","volume":"38","author":"Searle","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198107000-00016","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of mortality and cancer incidence among chemists","volume":"23","author":"Hoar","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib122","first-page":"187","article-title":"Mortality from cancer and all causes among British radiologists","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400032678","article-title":"An investigation into cancer mortality among males in certain Sheffield trades","volume":"38","author":"Turner","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000202232","article-title":"Einege Daten bei 280 Patienten mil Pankreaskrebs","volume":"102","author":"Dorken","year":"1964","journal-title":"Gastroenterologia"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb23099.x","article-title":"Cancer experience among coke by-product workers","volume":"271","author":"Redmond","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91188-4","article-title":"Near-simultaneous adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in husband and wife","volume":"i","author":"Rubio","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1968.00300080081016","article-title":"Chronic alcoholism and carcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"122","author":"Burch","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1983.245","article-title":"Use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee, and risk of pancreatic cancer","volume":"48","author":"Heuch","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/52.6.1711","article-title":"Cancer morbidity among two male cohorts with increased alcohol consumption in Finland","volume":"52","author":"Hakulinen","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<1077::AID-CNCR2820360335>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Proportional mortality among alcoholics","volume":"36","author":"Monson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112732","article-title":"Chronic alcoholism and subsequent mortality in World War II veterans","volume":"109","author":"Robinette","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810301)47:5<1031::AID-CNCR2820470534>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"The role of drinking and smoking in mortality from cancer and other causes in male alcoholics","volume":"47","author":"Schmidt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01655502","article-title":"Increased incidence of pancreatic neoplasia in pernicious anaemia","volume":"12","author":"Borch","year":"1988","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092807505369200_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(85)80140-6","article-title":"Activation of the c-K-ras oncogene in a human pancreas carcinoma","volume":"127","author":"Hirai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Comm"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib135","first-page":"370","article-title":"Amplification of both c-Ki-ras with a point mutation and c-myc in a primary pancreatic cancer and its metastatic tumors in lymph nodes","volume":"77","author":"Yamada","year":"1986","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res (Gann)"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02788222","article-title":"Amplification of c-Ki-ras-2 oncogene sequences in human carcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"3","author":"Parsa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"2024092807505369200_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90571-5","article-title":"Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras genes","volume":"53","author":"Almoguera","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092807505369200_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7773","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.16.7773","article-title":"KRAS codon 12 mutations occur very frequently in pancreatic adenocarcinomas","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucl Acid Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800771025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/77\/10\/1159\/59389608\/bjs1800771025.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/77\/10\/1159\/59389608\/bjs1800771025.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T07:51:29Z","timestamp":1727509889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/77\/10\/1159\/6172519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800771025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1323"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2168"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1990,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]}}}