{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T05:53:02Z","timestamp":1782885182792,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Animation &amp; Virtual"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forests are crucial terrestrial ecosystems. To understand long\u2010term forest community evolution driven by multiple environmental factors, we constructed a 3D forest stand spatiotemporal evolution framework featuring synchronous bidirectional coupling between terrain, hydrology, radiation, and vegetation. First, we simulated topographical evolution using a physics\u2010based procedural erosion method and introduced a multi\u2010layer soil moisture model and individual tree growth response mechanisms to reflect\u2010topography interactions, thereby establishing a realistic environmental basis for forest stand evolution. Second, leveraging real environmental data, we simulated growth responses and biomass changes of forest stands under different precipitation and radiation conditions, elucidated response mechanisms of individual tree attributes to environmental changes, and achieved intuitive evolution of 3D forest stands. The framework advances beyond unidirectional environmental forcing models by integrating hydraulic erosion, soil moisture dynamics, and slope\u2010aware radiation within a unified monthly timestep, enabling co\u2010evolutionary simulation of forest stands under dynamic landscapes. Finally, the computer\u2010based model incorporated natural disaster events such as fires and droughts, with real\u2010time interaction and visualization capabilities, supporting immersive and responsive forest landscape simulation and detailed spatiotemporal evolution analysis, enabling assessment of the dynamic recovery processes of forest stands under multiple disturbance scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T04:36:31Z","timestamp":1782880591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three\u2010Dimensional Forest Stand Spatiotemporal Evolution Simulation Based on Multiple Environmental Factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9722-1892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingkuo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5060-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjian","family":"Huai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102664.14359"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/f12030293","article-title":"Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests\u2014Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator Susi","volume":"12","author":"Laur\u00e9n A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530146"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247\u2010024\u201001984\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13370"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125118","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of Models for the Relationship Between Tree Height and Diameter at Breast Height for Chinese\u2010Fir Plantations in Subtropical China","volume":"10","author":"Li Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146357","article-title":"Synthesizing Global and Local Datasets to Estimate Jurisdictional Forest Carbon Fluxes in Berau, Indonesia","volume":"11","author":"Griscom B. 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