{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:21:45Z","timestamp":1777861305862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT\u20101427\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT\u20101427\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003451","name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIF 23\/07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIF 23\/07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021\u2010122402OB\u2010C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021\u2010122402OB\u2010C21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Animation &amp;amp; Virtual"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Animating realistic avatars requires using high\u2010quality animations for every possible state the avatar can be in. This includes actions like walking or running, but also subtle movements that convey emotions and personality. Idle animations, such as standing, breathing, or looking around, are crucial for realism and believability. In virtual applications, these are often handcrafted or recorded with actors, but this is costly. Furthermore, recording realistic idle animations may be complex, since the actor being aware of the recording could interfere with the genuineness of the movements. Currently, there are no large\u2010scale idle animation datasets for deep learning, and this recording challenge may partly explain this. Nevertheless, this paper concludes that both acted and genuine idle animations are perceived as real, and users are not able to distinguish between them. It also states that raw recorded idle animations and artist\u2010retouched ones are perceived differently. These conclusions mean that recording idle animations should be easier than expected, implying that actors can be instructed to act the movements, significantly simplifying the recording process. This should help future efforts to record idle animation datasets. Finally, we publish ReActIdle, the first three dimensional idle animation dataset containing long sequences of real and acted idle motions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:36:41Z","timestamp":1777520201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Idle Animation Believability: A User Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7281-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eneko Atxa","family":"Landa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country  Gipuzkoa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lazkano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country  Gipuzkoa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country  Gipuzkoa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itsaso","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country  Gipuzkoa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Irigoien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country  Gipuzkoa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.Qi C.Liu L.Li J.Hou H.Xin andX.Yu \u201cEmotiongesture: Audio\u2010Driven Diverse Emotional Co\u2010Speech 3D Gesture Generation \u201darXiv Preprint arXiv:2305.18891 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3407692"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"469","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Yi H.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"10544","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Zhu L.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"1144","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Liu H.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"16578","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference","author":"Mughal M. H.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"792","volume-title":"Computer Graphics Forum","author":"Kucherenko T.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","volume-title":"Towards Interpretable Co\u2010Speech Gestures Synthesis Using STARGATE","author":"Louis A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Computer Graphics Forum","author":"Nyatsanga S.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"612","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Liu H.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"763","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Lee G.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Ghorbani S.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"2891","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Martinez J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.08.123","article-title":"Efficient Human Motion Prediction Using Temporal Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network","volume":"545","author":"Cui Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4976","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3475630","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","author":"Lyu K.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112823","article-title":"Stochastic Human Motion Prediction Using a Quantized Conditional Diffusion Model","volume":"309","author":"Huang B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knowledge\u2010Based Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.02.045","article-title":"3d Human Motion Prediction: A Survey","volume":"489","author":"Lyu K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.248","article-title":"Human3. 6m: Large Scale Datasets and Predictive Methods for 3D Human Sensing in Natural Environments","volume":"36","author":"Ionescu C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2782743","article-title":"Panoptic Studio: A Massively Multiview System for Social Interaction Capture","volume":"41","author":"Hanbyul Joo T. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"5442","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Mahmood N.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"2430","article-title":"Human Motion Generation: A Survey","author":"Zhu W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","unstructured":"M.Zhang Z.Cai L.Pan et al. \u201cMotiondiffuse: Text\u2010Driven Human Motion Generation With Diffusion Model \u201darXiv Preprint arXiv:2208.15001 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"1855","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Cen Z.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"722","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Punnakkal A. R.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"5152","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Guo C.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"2021","volume-title":"Action2motion: Conditioned Generation of 3D Human Motions","author":"Guo C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"12th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications","author":"Egges A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Example\u2010Based Idle Motions in a Real\u2010Time Application","author":"Egges A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"CAPTECH Workshop"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Head Movements in the Idle Loop Animation","volume":"15","author":"Koco\u0144 M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal on Computer Science and Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25554-5_18","volume-title":"Social Robotics: 7th International Conference, Proceedings 7","author":"Cuijpers R. H.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","author":"Song H.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","first-page":"897","volume-title":"26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO\u2010MAN)","author":"Asselborn T.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1145\/3461615.3485400","volume-title":"Companion Publication of the 2021 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","author":"Ravenet B.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","unstructured":"Mixamo \u201cMixamo \u201daccessed on 2 December 2024 https:\/\/www.mixamo.com (n.d.)."},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.14.4195","article-title":"The FreeMoCap Project\u2010and\u2010Gaze\/Hand Coupling During a Combined Three\u2010Ball Juggling and Balance Task","volume":"22","author":"Matthis J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","unstructured":"C.Lugaresi J.Tang H.Nash et al. \u201cMediapipe: A Framework for Building Perception Pipelines \u201darXiv preprint arXiv:1906.08172 (2019)."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.765325","article-title":"Perception of Human Motion With Different Geometric Models","volume":"4","author":"Hodgins J. K.","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing Data Using t\u2010SNE","volume":"9","author":"Maaten L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.McInnes J.Healy andJ.Melville \u201cUmap: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction \u201darXiv Preprint arXiv:1802.03426 (2018).","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00861"}],"container-title":["Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.70116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cav.70116","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.70116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:36:56Z","timestamp":1777520216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cav.70116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cav.70116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cav.70116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-4261","1546-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-4261","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-427X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70116"}}