{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T19:02:13Z","timestamp":1779822133684,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Animation &amp;amp; Virtual"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The analysis and learning of complex human movements require precise motion capture, data processing, and clear feedback. This paper presents a comprehensive pipeline for real\u2010time movement analysis and personalized feedback generation based on motion capture data and large language models. Three\u2010dimensional motion data are captured using an 8\u2010camera Vicon motion capture system and processed using both a custom joint angle computation method designed to support real\u2010time streaming and Vicon Plug\u2010in Gait angles. The extracted kinematic features are normalized and structured into movement patterns that represent key elements of dance choreography. Based on these patterns, synthetic performance samples are generated and used to fine\u2010tune large language models capable of interpreting movement performance and producing natural\u2010language feedback. Models fine\u2010tuned in this study include Mistral 7B, H2O\u2010Danube 3 4B, and Qwen 2.5 3B. The proposed approach enables the generation of context\u2010aware, descriptive guidance that goes beyond numerical scores and supports motor learning. Experimental results demonstrate that H2O\u2010Danube 3 4B can provide accurate and efficient feedback while remaining suitable for interactive and real\u2010time applications. The presented framework offers a scalable foundation for intelligent movement training systems and can be extended to other movement disciplines and immersive virtual reality environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.70130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T18:04:04Z","timestamp":1779818644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LLM\u2010Based Modeling of 3D Joint Kinematics of the Polonaise Folk Dance for Motion\u2010to\u2010Text Generation for User\u2010Feedback Capabilities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"E. S.","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Alencynowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Skublewska\u2010Paszkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Powroznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Barszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.RodetandL.Seoud \u201cBody Shape Diversity in the Training Data and Consequences on Motion Generation\u201d(2026) Available at SSRN 5231141.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5422008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"G.Tevet S.Raab B.Gordon Y.Shafir D.Cohen\u2010Or andA. H.Bermano \u201cHuman Motion Diffusion Model\u201d(2022) arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.14916."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.12913\/22998624\/196179","article-title":"Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks in Retinitis Pigmentosa Disease Images Augmentation and Detection","volume":"19","author":"Powro\u017anik P.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.12913\/22998624\/193180","article-title":"Identifying and Animating Movement of Zeibekiko Sequences by Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Network With Multi Attention Modules","volume":"18","author":"Skublewska\u2010Paszkowska M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"403","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"R.Dong C.Han Y.Peng et al. \u201cDreamllm: Synergistic Multimodal Comprehension and Creation\u201d(2023) arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.11499."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"W.Huang C.Wang R.Zhang Y.Li J.Wu andL. V.Fei\u2010Fei \u201cComposable 3D Value Maps for Robotic Manipulation With Language Models\u201d arxiv 2023. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.05973."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Y. J.Ma W.Liang G.Wang et al. \u201cEureka: Human\u2010Level Reward Design via Coding Large Language Models\u201d(2023) arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.12931."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.35784\/acs-2024-14","article-title":"Digital News Classification and Punctuation Using Machine Learning and Text Mining Techniques","volume":"20","author":"Fernando Andr\u00e9s CEVALLOS SALAS","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Computer Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3390\/info16070556","article-title":"An Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring in Virtual Reality: Integrating LLMS and Multimodal Interaction for Immersive Learning","volume":"16","author":"El Hajji M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/31737","article-title":"Improving User Experience of Virtual Health Assistants: Scoping Review","volume":"23","author":"Curtis R. G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"102","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Motion Capture and AI in Dance Performance Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Setia N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Research on Motion Capture of Dance Training Pose Based on Statistical Analysis of Mathematical Similarity Matching","volume":"7","author":"Chen Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJDET.395186","article-title":"Enhancing Remote Dance Education Through Motion Capture and Web\u2010Based Feedback Using Expert Reference Sequences","volume":"23","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Eurographics 2022\u201043nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Computer Graphics","author":"Aristidou A.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Euro\u2010Mediterranean Conference","author":"Strand E. A.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40075","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3269581","article-title":"Motion Capture Benchmark of Real Industrial Tasks and Traditional Crafts for Human Movement Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Olivas\u2010Padilla B. E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"489","volume-title":"European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning","author":"Thomas D. R.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"534","volume-title":"European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning","author":"Xavier C.","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/asi8050127","article-title":"The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Field of Dance","volume":"8","author":"Zhong Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Applied System Innovation"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3233\/AIS-230198","article-title":"Systematic Review of Motion Capture in Virtual Reality: Enhancing the Precision of Sports Training","volume":"17","author":"Li X.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2024.02.011","article-title":"Digitizing Traditional Dances Under Extreme Clothing: The Case Study of Eyo","volume":"67","author":"Ami\u2010Williams T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cultural Heritage"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2755566","article-title":"Folk Dance Evaluation Using Laban Movement Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Aristidou A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (JOCCH)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"20067","article-title":"Motiongpt: Human Motion as a Foreign Language","volume":"36","author":"Jiang B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"543","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations","author":"Zhang H.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3566695","article-title":"Video Understanding With Large Language Models: A Survey","volume":"36","author":"Tang Y.","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"22668","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference","author":"Wang J.","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital Dance Ethnography: Organizing Large Dance Collections","volume":"12","author":"Aristidou A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (JOCCH)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1145\/3341162.3343799","volume-title":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers","author":"Flanagan P. J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1145\/3788910.3789002","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Digital Society and Intelligent Computing","author":"Li D.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","first-page":"145","volume-title":"International Conference on Human\u2010Computer Interaction","author":"Yan Y.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","unstructured":"Vicon Motion Systems \u201cPlug\u2010in Gait Reference Guide\u2013Vicon Documentation\u201d(2022)."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042","article-title":"ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint Coordinate Systems of Various Joints for the Reporting of Human Joint Motion\u2013Part II: Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist and Hand","volume":"38","author":"Ge W.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6","article-title":"ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint Coordinate System of Various Joints for the Reporting of Human Joint Motion\u2013Part I: Ankle, Hip, And Spine","volume":"35","author":"Ge W.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","unstructured":"Q. A.Jiang A.Sablayrolles A.Mensch et al. \u201cMistral 7b\u201d(2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","unstructured":"P.Pfeiffer P.Singer Y.Babakhin G.Fodor N.Dhankhar andS. S.Ambati \u201cH2o\u2010Danube3\u201d(2024) Technical Report arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.09276."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I.Ahmed S.Islam P. P.Datta I.Kabir N. U. R.Chowdhury andA.Haque \u201cQwen 2.5: A Comprehensive Review of the Leading Resource\u2010Efficient LLM With Potential to Surpass all Competitors \u201dAuthorea Preprints (2025) TechRxiv.","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.174060306.65738406\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","unstructured":"T.HuandX.\u2010H.Zhou \u201cUnveiling LLM Evaluation Focused on Metrics: Challenges and Solutions\u201d(2024) arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.09135."},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3571730","article-title":"Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation","volume":"55","author":"Ji Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2023 International Conference on Computer and Applications (ICCA)","author":"Yousri R.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.wmt-1.43","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Machine Translation","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","unstructured":"S.Rallapalli S.Gallagher A. O.Mellinger et al. \u201cFine\u2010Tuning LLMS for Report Summarization: Analysis on Supervised and Unsupervised Data\u201d(2025)."}],"container-title":["Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.70130","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cav.70130","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.70130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T18:04:17Z","timestamp":1779818657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cav.70130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cav.70130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cav.70130","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-4261","1546-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-4261","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-427X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70130"}}