{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T15:05:03Z","timestamp":1779980703380,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Animation &amp;amp; Virtual"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This paper presents a comparative study of two variants of the user interface in a virtual reality (VR) museum application: an interface designed in accordance with the principles of universal design (UD) and an interface that does not meet these principles (non\u2010UD). The application was developed in the Unity engine and run on Meta Quest Pro headsets with built\u2010in eye tracking. During the completion of a set of tasks, eye\u2010tracking data (including heatmaps and gaze scanpaths) and task completion times were recorded, and subjective ratings were then collected using the standardized system usability scale (SUS). The results indicate an advantage of the UD variant over the non\u2010UD variant: the mean SUS score was higher for UD (73.75) than for non\u2010UD (65.31). A Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test confirmed the statistical significance of this difference (\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094.87,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.49). Moreover, tasks were completed faster in the UD variant (total time 40.41\u2009s) than in the non\u2010UD variant (57.85\u2009s). This difference was also statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095.61,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.56). Eye\u2010tracking observations supported these differences, suggesting more efficient interface exploration in the UD variant.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T14:26:02Z","timestamp":1779978362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eye\u2010Tracking in Virtual Reality: Usability Assessment of a Regional Heritage Museum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Migryt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mikolajczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Barszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Skublewska\u2010Paszkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Powroznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Korga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.12.1.3","article-title":"Eye Tracking in Virtual Reality","volume":"12","author":"Clay V.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Eye Movement Research"},{"issue":"32","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4995\/var.2024.22556","article-title":"Evaluating User Experience in Cultural Heritage Through Virtual Reality Simulations","volume":"16","author":"Jangra S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virtual Archaeology Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2023.06.001","article-title":"A Framework Study on the Use of Immersive Xr Technologies in the Cultural Heritage Domain","volume":"62","author":"Innocente C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cultural Heritage"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3492802","article-title":"Understanding, Addressing, and Analysing Digital Eye Strain in Virtual Reality Head\u2010Mounted Displays","volume":"29","author":"Hirzle T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer\u2010Human Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00513-6","article-title":"Cybersickness in Current\u2010Generation Virtual Reality Head\u2010Mounted Displays: Systematic Review and Outlook","volume":"25","author":"Caserman P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102958","article-title":"Psychometric Evaluation of Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and Its Variants as a Measure of Cybersickness in Consumer Virtual Environments","volume":"82","author":"Sevinc V.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-022-00672-0","article-title":"A Narrative Review of Immersive Virtual Reality's Ergonomics and Risks at the Workplace: Cybersickness, Visual Fatigue, Muscular Fatigue, Acute Stress, and Mental Overload","volume":"27","author":"Souchet A. 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ACM 2000.","DOI":"10.1145\/355017.355028"}],"container-title":["Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.70139","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cav.70139","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.70139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T14:26:07Z","timestamp":1779978367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cav.70139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cav.70139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cav.70139","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-4261","1546-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-4261","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-427X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70139"}}