{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:23:41Z","timestamp":1771629821740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8800,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Motility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new method called Allen Video\u2010enhanced Contrast, Differential Interference Contrast (AVEC\u2010DIC) microscopy is shown to be sufficiently sensitive to detect several new features of microtubule\u2010related motility in the reticulopodial network of the foraminifer, Allogromia. The method takes advantage of the variable gain and offset features of a binary video camera to operate the DIC microscope under conditions highly favorable for video imaging, but in which the optical image is virtually invisible to the eye yet retains its full information when viewed by a suitable video camera. The improvements are made possible by setting a d\u00e9 Senarmont compensator to \u03bb\/9\u2010\u03bb\/4 at maximal working aperture of internally corrected planapochromatic objectives. Under these conditions, the offset feature of the video camera can reject so much stray light from the instrument and specimen that contrast compares favorably with that observed in high\u2010extinction images, and polarizing rectifiers offer scarcely any advantage. Freed from the constraints of the light\u2010limited conditions of DIC microscopy, video images can be recorded 60 times per second, or over 1,000 times the rate of photomicrographs at comparable magnifications under high\u2010extinction conditions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Application of this method to the reticulopodial network of Allogromia has shown that cytoplasmic organelles are translocated only in contact with single microtubules or bundles of microtubules, and that these organelles fail to move when separated from microtubules. Microtubules themselves undergo both axial translatory (\u201csliding\u201d) and lateral \u201czipping and unzipping\u201d movements that have been suggested to occur during mitosis and other biological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970010303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T04:58:04Z","timestamp":1109221084000},"page":"291-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":337,"title":["Video\u2010enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (AVEC\u2010DIC) microscopy: A new method capable of analyzing microtubule\u2010related motility in the reticulopodial network of allogromia laticollaris"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Robert Day","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina Str\u00f6mgren","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Travis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970010302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"The Zeiss\u2010Nomarski differential interference equipment for transmitted light microscopy","volume":"69","author":"Allen R. 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In \u201cIRE Transactions on Medical Electronics.\u201d ME\u20107 pp.138\u2013142.","DOI":"10.1109\/IRET-ME.1960.5008036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(78)90323-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/5.3.246"}],"container-title":["Cell Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcm.970010303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cm.970010303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T10:37:23Z","timestamp":1699785443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cm.970010303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cm.970010303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cm.970010303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-6585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-6585","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}}}