{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:29:02Z","timestamp":1770823742220,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5513,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five \u03b2\u2010tubulin isotypes are expressed differentially during chicken brain development. One of these isotypes is encoded by the gene c\u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and has been assigned to an isotypic family designated as Class III (\u03b2III). In the nervous system of higher vertebrates, \u03b2III is synthesized exclusively by neurons. A \u03b2III\u2010specific monoclonal antibody was used to determine when during chick embryogenesis c\u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> is expressed, the cellular localization of \u03b2III, and the number of charge variants (isoforms) into which \u03b2III can be resolved by isoelectric focusing. On Western blots, \u03b2III is first detectable at stages 12\u201313. Thereafter, the relative abundance of \u03b2III in brain increases steadily, apparently in conjunction with the rate of neural differentiation. The isotype was not detectable in non\u2010neural tissue extracts from older embryos (days 10\u201314) and hatchlings. Western blots of protein separated by two\u2010dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D\u2013PAGE) reveal that the number of \u03b2III isoforms increases from one to three during neural development. This evidence indicates that \u03b2III is a substrate for developmentally regulated, multiple\u2010site posttranslational modification. Immunocytochemical studies reveal that while c\u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> expression is restricted predominantly to the nervous system, it is transiently expressed in some embryonic structures. More importantly, in the nervous system, immunoreactive cells were located primarily in the non\u2010proliferative marginal zone of the neural epithelia. Regions containing primarily mitotic neuroblasts were virtually unstained. This localization pattern indicates that c\u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> expression occurs either during or immediately following terminal mitosis, and suggests that \u03b2III may have a unique role during early neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970170207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T03:19:56Z","timestamp":1109215196000},"page":"118-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":494,"title":["The expression and posttranslational modification of a neuron\u2010specific \u03b2\u2010tubulin isotype during chick embryogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeremy B.","family":"Tuttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lionel I.","family":"Rebhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Don W.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Frankfurter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(89)90236-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)40087-2","article-title":"Increased microtubule assembly in bovine brain tubulin lacking the type III isotype of \u03b2\u2010tubulin","volume":"265","author":"Banerjee A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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