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By application of a modified immunocytochemical procedure, vasopressin\u2010 immunoreactive fibers were detected in many new areas.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In adult male rats which were castrated 15 weeks before death, vasopressin\u2010immunoreactive cell bodies had disappeared from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial amygdaloid nucleus. No obvious changes were found in vasopressin\u2010immunoreactive cell bodies in other areas. Furthermore, a very strong reduction was seen in the density of vasopressin\u2010immunoreactive fibers in the olfactory tubercle, nucleus of the diagonal band and its immediate surroundings, ventral pallidum, basal nucleus of Meynert, lateral septum, septofimbrial nucleus, ventral hippocampal formation, amygdaloid area, pre\u2010 and supramammillary nucleus, supramam\u2010millary decussation, (inter)dorsomedial, parafascicular, and ventral aspect of paraventricular thalamic nuclei, zona incerta, lateral habenular nucleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, periventricular gray, dorsal and median raphe nucleus, and locus coeruleus. No changes were observed in other areas containing vasopressin\u2010immunoreactive fibers. These changes following gonadectomy were not observed in castrated rats which had been treated with testosterone.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results suggest that vasopressin projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and possibly from the medial amygdaloid nucleus require the presence of gonadal hormones for their normal appearance. This is in contrast to pathways arising from the hypothalamic vasopressin\u2010producing nuclei, which fail to show obvious changes following castration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902330206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T19:27:10Z","timestamp":1104607630000},"page":"236-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":436,"title":["The vasopressinergic innervation of the brain in normal and castrated rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"G. J.","family":"DeVries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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