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In area 17 they occasionally extended without interruption from the 17\/18 border on the top of the lateral gyrus to the monocular segment in the splenial sulcus. Superposition of serial sections revealed that these bands were present in all cortical layers and in precise register along lines orthogonal to the lamination. The center\u2010to\u2010center spacing of the bands was 1.0\u20131.1 mm in area 17 and 1.2\u20131.4 mm in area 18. Stimulation with alternating vertical and horizontal contours led to a pattern the general organization of which resembled that induced by a single orientation but the spacing of which was reduced by a factor of 0.5. This strongly supports the concept that orientation is mapped in a system of parallel bands and argues against a recently formulated hypothesis that iso\u2010orientation bands extend like spokes from centers that lack orientation selectivity (Braitenberg and Braitenberg, <jats:italic>Biol. Cybern, 33<\/jats:italic>:179\u2013186, '79).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Another characteristic feature, revealed by the flat\u2010mount technique, was a periodic variation of 2\u2010deoxyglucose uptake along the bands that gave them a beaded appearance. The mean center\u2010to\u2010center distance between adjacent beads on the same band was in the range of 0.9\u20131.2 mm and remained unchanged when horizontal and vertical gratings were presented in alternation. We propose that these beads reflect another columnar system whose features have yet to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902550307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T20:16:56Z","timestamp":1104610616000},"page":"401-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Topographic organization of the orientation column system in large flat\u2010mounts of the cat visual cortex: A 2\u2010deoxyglucose study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Siegeid","family":"L\u00f6wel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wolf","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.51.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234061"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234062"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236828"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.49.6.1504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00320394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238240","article-title":"Orientation shift between upper and lower layers in monkey visual cortex","volume":"50","author":"Bauer R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp. 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