{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T09:45:18Z","timestamp":1764841518586},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5412,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rostral anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) of the chinchilla provides a preparation in which neuronal cell bodies and synapses in the mammalian central nervous system can be examined after direct freezing and freeze\u2010substitution of rapidly excised brain stem slices. Cell bodies and synapses in the freeze\u2010substituted AVCN differed from those in perfusion\u2010fixed AVCN in several interesting respects. Despite of these differences, four types of synaptic terminal were distinguished in freeze\u2010substituted AVCN and correlated with the four well\u2010known types of perfusion\u2010fixed terminal. Since the transmitter at each of the four types of terminal has been tentatively identified, the structure of synaptic vesicles and junctions in the freeze\u2010substituted terminals could be related to transmitter type. Synaptic vesicles were uniformly round, but their diameters, deployment, and related cytoskeletal elements near the synaptic junction differed in each chemical type of synapse; the synapses thought to be cholinergic, for instance, had only a few vesicles clustered at their presynaptic junctions while the rest of the vesicles were separated from the junction by a network of fine filaments. Two types of filamentous components, short vertical projections from the postsynaptic membrane and thin filaments protruding from these projections, comprised the basic structure of the postsynaptic specialization, but their sizes and distribution differed at each chemical type of terminal. For instance, the postsynaptic specialization at the glycine terminal was distinguished by numerous thin filaments which curved sideways to run parallel to the plasmalemma. Thus, freeze\u2010substitution gives new information about structural differences between chemically different types of synapses, which may reflect differences in their transmitter storage, release, and reception. In addition, the AVCN preparation is of general interest in making cell bodies in the mammalian central nervous system available to the various structural and analytical techniques which depend on direct, rapid freezing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902900304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T21:47:26Z","timestamp":1104616046000},"page":"343-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["New structural features of synapses in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus prepared by direct freezing and freeze\u2010substitution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Hozumi","family":"Tatsuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90542-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.6.1713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(87)90130-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/299126a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901600406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901550302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.99.5.1655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001550203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(79)90065-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(79)90066-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237524"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"478","article-title":"Identification of fodrin as a major calmodulin\u2010binding protein in postsynaptic density preparation","volume":"95","author":"Carlin R. K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90618-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34140-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Axo\u2010somatic and axo\u2010dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex: An electron microscope study","volume":"93","author":"Gray E. G.","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901800405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.91.1.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01178223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901240103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1976.tb02438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.78.3.756","article-title":"Freeze\u2010fracture studies of the developing cell surface. II. Particle\u2010free membrane blisters on glutaraldehyde\u2010fixed corneal fibroblasts are artefacts","volume":"78","author":"Hasty D. L.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.88.3.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.81.2.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01205160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01181647"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01735373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.79.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.4.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Substructure in the postsynaptic density of Purkinje cell dendritic spines revealed by rapid freezing and etching","volume":"13","author":"Landis D. M. D.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90140-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001180205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90520-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(78)90011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902130106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"2802","article-title":"A freeze\u2010substitution method for localizing divalent cations: Examples from secretory systems","volume":"39","author":"Ornberg R. L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fed. Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901360407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(81)90060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00207692"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001530402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.4950010303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90910-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.10.3494"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.89.1.19","article-title":"Use of aldehyde fixatives to determine the rate of synaptic transmitter release","volume":"89","author":"Smith J. E.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/314622a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01153514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901650306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90229-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90228-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4054.1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91423-X"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.902900304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.902900304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T06:11:04Z","timestamp":1697955064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.902900304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.902900304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.902900304","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,15]]}}}