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Cerebral walls processed with Nissl, Golgi, electron\u2010microscopic, and histochemical methods show that this zone consists of migratory and postmigratory neurons, growth cones, loosely arranged axons, dendrites, synapses, and glial cells. In both species the subplate zone becomes visible at the beginning of the mid\u2010third of gestation as a cell\u2010poor\/fiber\u2010rich layer situated between the intermediate zone and the developing cortical plate. The subplate zone appears earlier in the somatosensory than in the visual area and reaches maximal width at the beginning of the last third of gestation in both regions. At the peak of its size the ratio between the width of the subplate zone and cortical plate in the somatosensory cortex is 2:1 in monkey and 4:1 in man while in the occipital lobe these structures have about equal width in both species. The dissolution of the subplate zone begins during the last third of gestation with degeneration of some subplate neurons and the relocation of fiber terminals into the cortex. The subplate zone disappears faster in the visual than in the somatosensory area.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The present results together with our previous findings support the hypothesis that the subplate zone may serve as a \u201cwaiting\u201d compartment for transient cellular interactions and a substrate for competition, segregation, and growth of afferents originated sequentially from the brain stem, basal forebrain, thalamus, and from the ipsi\u2010 and contralateral cerebral hemisphere. After a variable and partially overlapping time period, these fibers enter the cortical plate while the subplate zone disappears leaving only a vestige of cells scattered throughout the subcortical white matter. A comparison between species indicates that the size and duration of the subplate zone increases during mammalian evolution and culminates in human fetuses concomitantly with an enlargement of cortico\u2010cortical fiber systems. The regional difference in the size, pattern, and resolution of the subplate zone correlates also with the pattern of cerebral convolutions. Our findings indicate that, contrary to prevailing notions, the subplate may not be a vestige of the phylogenetically old network but a transient embryonic structure that expanded during evolution to subserve the increasing number of its connections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902970309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T22:05:34Z","timestamp":1104617134000},"page":"441-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":759,"title":["Developmental history of the transient subplate zone in the visual and somatosensory cortex of the macaque monkey and human brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Ivica","family":"Kostovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasko","family":"Rakic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Subplate neurons transiently express NGF receptor immunoreactivity","volume":"15","author":"Allendoerfer K. 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