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The morphometric parameters of the retrogradely labelled, parvalbumin\u2010containing neurons were very similar, if not identical, to those neurons of the midline and medial part of the medial septum and the diagonal band regions that had previously been shown to be immunoreactive for \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid or for glutamate decarboxylase following colchicine treatment. The total number of parvalbumin\u2010immunoreactive and choline acetyltransferase\u2010positive retrogradely labelled cells was counted at 9 representative levels through the rostrocaudal extension (from 2.4 mm anterior to the level of bregma) of the medial septal\u2010diagonal band complex. In the whole medial septum\u2010vertical limb of the diagonal band region, about 33% of the total retrogradely labelled neurons showed immunoreactivity to parvalbumin, whereas the parvalbumin\u2010negative cells were mainly choline acetyltransferase\u2010immunopositive. In comparison with the average figure, the proportion of the retrogradely labelled parvalbumin\u2010containing neurons was higher in the middle part (around 1.5 mm anterior to the bregma) than in either the rostral or caudal ends. The reverse was true for the distribution of the cholinergic septohippocampal neurons. At the maximum levels the parvalbumin\u2010immunoreactive neurons accounted for more than half of the total retrogradely labelled cells in 4 out of 6 rats. Moreover, within the complexity of the septal neurons, a marked regularity of topographic organisation was observed in the distribution of retrogradely labelled parvalbumin\u2010containing GABAergic and choline acetyltransferase\u2010positive cholinergic neurons as if they were subdivided cytoarchitectonically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902980308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T22:06:44Z","timestamp":1104617204000},"page":"362-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Distribution of septohippocampal neurons containing parvalbumin or choline acetyltransferase in the rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"Jozsef","family":"Kiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ambrish J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tamas F.","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902400104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90526-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1985.tb05681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90745-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(80)90395-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(81)90093-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90301-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Simultaneous modulation of hippocampal cholinergic activity and extinction by intraseptal muscimol","volume":"225","author":"Blaker W. 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