{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:08:07Z","timestamp":1759032487983},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4842,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spinal and principal sensory trigeminal nuclei relay noxious and nonnoxious stimuli from the orofacial region to the thalamus. Physiological studies have implicated glutamate as an important neurotransmitter in this region. Despite its importance as a potential transmitter, few studies have examined the anatomical distribution of glutamate within these nuclei. We therefore chose to use a monoclonal antibody raised against glutamate conjugated to a carrier protein to identify and describe glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive processes at the electron microscopic level.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive axon terminals were identified throughout the spinal trigeminal and principal sensory trigeminal nucleus. In. subnucleus caudalis glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminals occurred frequently in all laminae and were morphologically heterogeneous. In lamina I, glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminals were primarily ovoid, contained spherical synaptic vesicles, and participated in synaptic complexes with both dendritic and axonal profiles. In laminae II and III many glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive axon terminals were identified as the central element in synaptic glomeruli. Within discrete patches of lamina II, large numbers of glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminals contained dense core vesicles.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The majority of glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminals in subnucleus interpolaris, subnucleus oralis, and principal sensory trigeminal nucleus were similar in morphology and synaptic interaction to the glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminals found in subnucleus caudalis, Glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminals that were the central presynaptic element in glomerular complexes were seen in all subnuclei. In sections from subnucleus interpolaris and subnucleus oralis central glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminations within glomerular complexes had much smoother profiles, and in subnucleus interpolaris participated primarily in axodendritic synaptic junctions. In the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus central glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive terminations were highly scalloped and participated in numerous axoaxonic synaptic junctions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The above observations are consistent with the hypothesis that glutamate\u2010like immunoreactivity is present in some primary afferent terminations and functions as an important excitatory transmitter involved in the relay of sensory information to the spinal trigeminal and principal sensory trigeminal nucleus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903090208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T22:36:26Z","timestamp":1104618986000},"page":"271-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["An electron microscopic description of glutamate\u2010like immunoreactive axon terminals in the rat principal sensory and spinal trigeminal nuclei"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Jane R.","family":"Clements","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvin J.","family":"Beitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90880-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(62)90019-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1060150106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.20.7820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90576-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07367228609144600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00500070","article-title":"Differential effects of capsaicin on the content of somatostatin, substance P, and neurotensin in the nervous system of the rat","volume":"317","author":"Gamse R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901620308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Advances in Pain Research and Therapy","author":"Gobel S.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3138\/9781487575748-018","volume-title":"Mastication and Swallowing","author":"Gobel S.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901800213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901370405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Pain in the Trigeminal Region","author":"Gobel S.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Pain in the Trigeminal Region","author":"Gobel S.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.01-10-01163.1981","article-title":"Morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons in lamina I of the spinal dorsal horn: Candidates for the terminal axonal arbors of primary neurons with unmyelinated (C) axons","volume":"1","author":"Gobel S.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90732-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(80)90088-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(76)90008-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Comparison of responses of cutaneous nociceptive and non\u2010nociceptive brain stem neurons in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn) and subnucleus oralis to natural and electrical stimulation of tooth pulp","volume":"82","author":"Hu J. W.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neurophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(82)90022-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01258524"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science","author":"Kelly J. P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/86.4.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Oral\u2010Facial Sensory and Motor Mechanisms","author":"Kerr F. W. L.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Advances In Pain Research and Therapy","author":"Kruger L.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1978.tb06307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902470407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902030414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902230406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890040303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08990228909144690"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90261-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90987-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(81)90032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901990303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90728-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902110105","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: A light and electron microscopic study","volume":"271","author":"Priestley J. V.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902810402","article-title":"Morphological characterization of substance P\u2010like immunoreactive glomeruli in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord and trigeminal subnucleus caudulis: A quantitative study","volume":"287","author":"Ribeiro\u2010da\u2010Silva A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Innervation and afferent fiber projection of rat incisor pulp","volume":"21","author":"Sakai A.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90814-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90600-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902510303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901210209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901580206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901060104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90044-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission","author":"Weinberg R. J.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(81)90252-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.903090208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.903090208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T01:18:33Z","timestamp":1698023913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.903090208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.903090208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.903090208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,8]]}}}