{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T16:02:21Z","timestamp":1775232141290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4757,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amacrine cells of the vertebrate retina comprise multiple neurochemical types. Yet details of their electrophysiological and morphology properties as they relate to neurotransmitter content are limited. This issue of relating light responsiveness, dendritic projection, and neurotransmitter content has been addressed in the retinal slice preparation of the tiger salamander. Amacrine cells were whole\u2010cell clamped and stained with Lucifer yellow (LY), then processed to determine their immunoreactivity (IR) to GABA, glycine, dopamine or tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH), and glucagon antisera.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Widefield, ON\u2010OFF amacrine cells were glycine\u2010IR. The processes of these cells extended laterally in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) from 250\u2013600 \u03bcm. They were either multistratified in the IPL or monostratified near the IPL midline. Three multistratified ON\u2010OFF narrowfield glycine\u2010IR cells also were found.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Four types of ON amacrine cells were found to be GABA\u2010IR; all types had their processes concentrated in the proximal IPL (sublamina <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>). Type I cells were narrowfield (\u223c 100 \u03bcm) with a compact projection. Type II cells were widefield (220\u2013300 \u03bcm) with a sparse projection. Type III cells had an asymmetrical projection and varicose processes. Type IV cells were pyriform and monostratified in sublamina <jats:italic>b.<\/jats:italic> One narrowfield ON\u2010OFF amacrine cell, with processes broadly distributed in the middle of the IPL, was GABA\u2010IR. This cell appeared similar to an ON\u2010OFF cell that was glycine\u2010IR and may comprise a type in which GABA and glycine colocalize.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Another class of amacrine cell, with processes forming a major plexus along the distal border of the IPL and a lesser plexus in the proximal IPL, produced slow responses at light ON and OFF; these cells were dopamine\/TOH\u2010IR. A narrowfield class of transient ON\u2010OFF amacrine cell, with processes ramifying throughout both sublaminae <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> of the IPL, were glucagon\u2010IR; these cells appeared to be dye\u2010coupled at the soma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We have shown that, with respect to GABA, glycine, dopamine, and glucagon, salamander amacrine cells fall into rather discrete groups on the basis of ramification patterns in the IPL and responses to photic stimulation. The physiological, structural, and neurochemical diversity of amacrine cells is indicative of multiple and complex roles in retinal processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903120103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T22:43:11Z","timestamp":1104619391000},"page":"19-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Amacrine cells in the tiger salamander retina: Morphology, physiology, and neurotransmitter identification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Chen\u2010Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lukasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank S.","family":"Werblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Yazulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.5.1509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90787-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"188","volume-title":"Neurocircuitry of the Retina: A Cajal Memorial","author":"Bruun A.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903010310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.12.030189.001225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.45.4.783","article-title":"Physiological and pharmacological basis of GABA and glycine action on neurons of mudpuppy retina. 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