{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:44:48Z","timestamp":1754484288056},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4644,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe octopamine\u2010immunoreactive somata and their projections in the pro\u2010 meso\u2010, meta\u2010 and pregenital abdominal\u2010ganglia of locusts. Immunoreactive midline somata were identified as dorsal\u2010 and ventral\u2010 unpaired median (DUM\u2010 and VUM\u2010, respectively) neurones due to their: characteristic large size and positions of somata, primary neurites in DUM\u2010tracts giving rise to T\u2010junctions, and bilaterally projecting axons. In the prothoracic ganglion there are most likely 8 such cells; in the meso\u2010 and metathoracic, some 20 each; and in each individual pregenital abdominal ganglion, typically 3. All appear to project to peripheral nerves and their numbers correspond to the number of peripherally projecting DUM\u2010cells identified to date in each ganglion. We suggest that probably all peripherally projecting DUM\u2010cells are octopaminergic in the examined ganglia. Presumptive DUM\u2010interneurones are not octopamine\u2010immunoreactive, but, confirming other studies, are shown to label with an antiserum to \u03b3\u2010amino butyric acid (GABA).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Other octopamine\u2010immunoreactive neurones include a pair of midline, prothoracic, anterior medial cells, not necessarily DUM\u2010cells, and a pair of ventral lateral somata in each thoracic\u2010 and the first abdominal ganglion. The latter project intersegmentally in ventral tracts. Intersegmentally projecting octopamine\u2010immunoreactive fibers in dorsal tracts probably arise from a prothoracic DUM\u2010cell, which leaves through suboesophageal nerves, or descending suboesophageal DUM\u2010cells. Thus, the octopamine\u2010immunoreactive system of thoracic and pregenital abdominal ganglia in locust comprises all peripherally projecting DUM\u2010cells and a plurisegmental network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903150403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T19:20:27Z","timestamp":1104607227000},"page":"382-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Octopamine immunoreactive cell populations in the locust thoracic\u2010abdominal nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"P. 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