{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T07:34:24Z","timestamp":1778225664738,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4240,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An OFF\u2010center alpha and an OFF\u2010center beta ganglion cell in cat retina, which had been recorded from and intracellularly stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were examined by serial section electron microscopy. We counted synapses and identified presynaptic neurons to the HRP\u2010stained cells in 20 \u03bcm radial slices through the centers of their dendritic trees. Presynaptic amacrine and bipolar cells were identified on cytological criteria known from previous studies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The OFF\u2010beta cell with a 62 \u03bcm dendritic arbor, restricted to S1 and S2 (sublamina a) of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), received 38% bipolar and 62% amacrine cell synapses. The bipolar input was from both cb1 and cb2 cone bipolar types. Input from three distinct amacrine cell types occurred upon the dendrites, namely from: (1) AII amacrine lobular appendages, (2) large pale amacrine profiles (possibly A2 or A3 cells), and (3) small, dark amacrine types (possibly A8 cells). Large pale amacrine profiles (possibly A13) were found on the cell body and apical dendrite in sublamina <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> of the IPL. In addition, several amacrine profiles synapsed directly on the sides and base of the cell body in the ganglion cell layer. We estimate that the complete dendritic tree of this beta cell received about 1,000 synapses contributed by 12\u201314 bipolar cells, 7\u201310 AII amacrines and 28\u201341 other amacrine cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The OFF\u2010alpha cell had a dendritic tree size of 680 \u00d7 920 \u03bcm. A 250 \u03bcm length of two major dendrites stratifying narrowly in S2 of the IPL was reconstructed. Amacrine cells provided most of the synaptic input (80%). This input came from: (1) AII amacrine lobular appendages, (2) amacrines exhibiting large, pale synaptic profiles (possibly A2 or A3 cells), (3) pale amacrines with large mitochondria and a few neurotubules (unknown type), and (4) densely neurotubule\u2010filled amacrine profiles (possibly A19 cells). A large pale amacrine cell type (possibly A13) provided synaptic input to the cell body as a serial synaptic intermediary with rod bipolar cells. Cone bipolar synapses were from only one type of cone bipolar, the cb2 type and formed 20% of the total synaptic input. We estimate that a minimum of 142 bipolar cells, 256 AII amacrine cells and 1,011 other amacrine cells, altogether providing 6,000\u201310,000 synapses, converged on the dendritic tree of this OFF\u2010alpha cell. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903290107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T20:59:17Z","timestamp":1104613157000},"page":"85-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Off\u2010alpha and OFF\u2010beta ganglion cells in cat retina: II. Neural circuitry as revealed by electron microscopy of HRP stains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"329","author":[{"given":"Helga","family":"Kolb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016612"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-01-00001.1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901480106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017861","article-title":"Effects of 2\u2010amino\u20104\u2010phosphonobutyric acid on responsivity and spatial summation of X cells in the cat retina","volume":"419","author":"Chen E. 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