{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T19:23:45Z","timestamp":1771356225281,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3776,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The distribution and chemospecificity of the pedunculonigral neurons have been studied in squirrel monkeys (<jats:italic>Saimiri sciureus<\/jats:italic>)with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) and fluorogold (FG) as retrograde tracers combined with immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glutamate, and the calcuium binding protein calbindin D\u201028k. The injection of either CTb or FG into the substantia nigra produces prominent retrograde cell labeling in the mesopontine tegmentum. Labeled neurons are particularly numerous at the level of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle, where they abound principally in the pars dissipata of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). A significant proportion of retrogradely labeled neurons in the PPN display ChAT immunoreactivity. Whithin the entire PPN, approximately 25% of the retrogradley labeled neurons express ChAT immunoreactivity, but proportions of doubly labeled neurons are about 35%, 25% in the rostral, middle, and caudal thirds of the PPn, respectively. These doubly labeled neurons are scattered among numerous retrogradely labeled neurons that are ChAT\u2010negative and whose number increases along the rostrocaudal extent of the PPN. Several retrogradely labeled neurons in the PPN display glutamate immunoreactivity, but very few express calbindin. This study provides the first direct evedence for the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons in the pedunculonigral projection in primates. Furthermore, the fact that some neurons of the PPN display bothe ChAT and glutamate immunoreactivity indicates that single neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum may exert a two\u2010fold effect upon dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. This dual cholinergic and glutamatergic pedunculonigral projection may play a crucial role in the functional organization of primate basal ganglia. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903440205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T09:31:44Z","timestamp":1104571904000},"page":"232-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: Cholinergic and glutamatergic projections to the substantia nigra"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"344","author":[{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91455-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-03-01035.1993","article-title":"Modulation of dopamine efflux in the striatum following cholinergic stimulation of the substantia nigra in intact and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus\u2010lesioned rats","volume":"13","author":"Blaha C. D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90343-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Glutamatergic inputs from the pedunculopontine nucleus to the midbrain dopaminergic neurons in primates: A light and electron microscopic study","volume":"19","author":"Charara A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90456-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Nicotine binding in rat brain: Autoradiographic comparison of [3H]acetylcholine, [3H]nicotine, and [125I]bungrarotoxin","volume":"5","author":"Clarke P. B.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1985.tb11081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90176-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90170-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91314-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)","author":"Emmers R.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90377-0","article-title":"Cholinergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra","volume":"63","author":"Glould E.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903290403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(87)90002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90174-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Use of avidin\u2010biotin\u2010peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: A comparison between ABC and unlabelled antibody (PAP) procedures","volume":"21","author":"Hsu S. M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Histochem. CytoChem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90213-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.4.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91826-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavoie B. andA.Parent(1994a) The pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey. Distribution of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum with evidence for the presence of glutamate in cholinergic neurons.J. Comp. Neurol.(this issue).","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903440203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavoie B. andA.Parent(1994b) The pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey. Dustriburion of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons in the mesopontime tegmentum with evidence for the presence of glutamate in cholinergic neurons.J. Comp. Neurol.(this issu).","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903440203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902750402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1177\/34.11.2430010","article-title":"A light and electron microscopic porcedure for sequential double antigen localization using diaminobenzidine and benzidine dihydrochloride","volume":"34","author":"Lavey A. I.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90558-8","article-title":"A quantitative correlation between single unit activity and fluorescence intensity of dopamine neurones in zona compacta of substantia nigra, as demonstrated under the infuluence of nicotine and physostigmine","volume":"117","author":"Lichensteiger W.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(82)90107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902810306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90044-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)91433-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90163-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903230209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91479-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902170207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(91)90108-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90760-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(79)90003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902590403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90404-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90339-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(87)90664-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"An EM and Golgi study on the connection between the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus and the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in the rat j","volume":"29","author":"Scarnati E.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hirnforsch."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902830103","article-title":"Origin of ascending and spinal pathways from the nucleus tegmental pedunculopontinus in the rat","volume":"283","author":"Spabb B. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903110308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00174143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Immunocytochemistry","author":"Sternberger L. A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90204-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90417-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/349414a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Parkinson\u2010Specific Motor and Mental Disorders","author":"Usunoff K. G.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(86)90134-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260106"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.903440205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.903440205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T04:20:50Z","timestamp":1698121250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.903440205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,8]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.903440205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.903440205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,8]]}}}