{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T13:50:59Z","timestamp":1761918659431},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,10]],"date-time":"2004-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3289,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have analyzed the <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\u2010regulatory regions in the 5\u2032 flanking DNA of the <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; E.C. 2.3.1.6) gene by using germline transformants. These transformants are carrying wild\u2010type ChAT cDNA fused to different lengths of 5\u2032 flanking sequence of the ChAT gene. Appropriate genetic crosses were used to introduce the transgene into animals with a presumptive null genetic background for endogenous ChAT. Expression of ChAT protein could thus be attributed exclusively to the transgene. Using a monoclonal antibody against <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> ChAT, we have investigated the spatial distribution of transgenic ChAT and compared it to the normal distribution of ChAT protein in wild\u2010type animals. The brains of 7.4 kb cDNA transformants showed a ChAT expression pattern similar to that of wild\u2010type anin in the first\u2010 and second\u2010order sensory neuropil but reduced expression in other highly ordered neuropil. Several lines that were transformed with 1.2 kb or 0.8 kb of 5\u2032 flanking DNA demonstrated relatively normal expression in sensory neuropil. In addition, these lines also showed ectopic expression in higher order neuropil. In the optic lobe, the expression pattern directed by 7.4 kb of 5\u2032 flanking DNA was very similar to that of wild\u2010type ChAT expression. In contrast, 1.2 kb or 0.8 kb transformants showed reduced levels of expression and a more limited pattern of distribution in the optic lobe. Our results suggest that the 5\u2032 flanking DNA of the ChAT gene can be divided into several separable positive and negative regulatory regions, which define various subsets of cholinergic neurons in the nervous system. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903610103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T21:08:05Z","timestamp":1104613685000},"page":"25-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Immunocytochemical study of choline acetyltransferase in <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>: An analysis of <i>cis<\/i>\u2010regulatory regions controlling expression in the brain of cDNA\u2010transformed flies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"361","author":[{"given":"Kouji","family":"Yasuyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Kitamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Salvaterra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902800404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1990.055.01.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381876","article-title":"Activity labeling patterns in the medulla of Drosophila melanogaster caused by motion stimuli","volume":"27","author":"Bausenwein B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318687"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1.5.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(83)90416-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1975.tb11895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-05-01361.1987","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase during development and in Chats mutants of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"7","author":"Gorczyca M. 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