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Conventional manual methods cannot support real\u2010time updates, while existing automated solutions relying on centralized cloud computing suffer from bandwidth and latency limitations. To address these issues, we propose an edge\u2010cloud collaborative real\u2010time book inventory system. Spine detection and text recognition are executed on embedded edge devices, while the cloud handles rapid data retrieval to balance timeliness and accuracy. We design lightweight models for edge deployment, including the Library You Only Look Once (Lib\u2010YOLO) detector with a StarNet backbone, shared convolutional head, and dual\u2010scale hierarchical detection, supporting rotated objects for robust spine extraction. The optimized paddle practical optical character recognition (PP\u2010OCR) pipeline removes text rectification and integrates a filtering algorithm to reduce redundant computation and improve efficiency. Deployed on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano, the system achieves 73 ms spine detection latency, 191 ms text recognition latency, and 97.1% overall accuracy under simulated library conditions. The Lib\u2010YOLO model contains only 1.39 M parameters with 99% mean average precision (mAP), demonstrating the feasibility of precise, real\u2010time inventorying in resource\u2010constrained embedded environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.70573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T10:34:07Z","timestamp":1769250847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Real\u2010Time Automated Library Inventory System Based on Edge\u2010Cloud Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9735-3974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Software Engineering East China Jiaotong University  Nanchang P. R. China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3726-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Software Engineering East China Jiaotong University  Nanchang P. R. China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3945-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Software Engineering East China Jiaotong University  Nanchang P. R. China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8108-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingcheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Software Engineering East China Jiaotong University  Nanchang P. R. 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China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.05.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2022.103101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796711"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCEECS48394.2020.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIICS63763.2024.10859559"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3106401"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"2229","article-title":"Short\u2010Term Traffic Flow Prediction of the Smart City Using 5G Internet of Vehicles Based on Edge Computing","volume":"24","author":"Zhou S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"2169","article-title":"Mobility\u2010Aware Multi\u2010Hop Task Offloading for Autonomous Driving in Vehicular Edge Computing and Networks","volume":"24","author":"Liu L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144932"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. M.Zhang C. C.Lee J. W.Hsieh andK. C.Fan \u201cCSL\u2010YOLO: A Newo Lightweight Object Detection System for Edge Computing \u201d2021. arXiv Preprint arXiv:2107.04829.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS48785.2022.9937880"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13084982"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3340151"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"YOLOv9: Learning What You Want to Learn Using Programmable Gradient Information","author":"Wang C. 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N.Kristen andC.Jung \u201cGaussian Bounding Boxes and Probabilistic Intersection\u2010Over\u2010Union for Object Detection \u201d2021. arXiv Preprint arXiv:2106.06072."}],"container-title":["Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpe.70573","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cpe.70573","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpe.70573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T03:07:01Z","timestamp":1770260821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpe.70573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpe.70573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpe.70573","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0626","1532-0634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0626","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-0634","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70573"}}