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This study proposes a two\u2010archive constrained multi\u2010objective optimization algorithm with two\u2010stage weak cooperation, named BWC\u2010TAA. First, based on the two\u2010archive framework, a weak cooperation interaction mechanism is designed, in which the CA and DA evolve independently. They only merge offspring during the update stage to select high\u2010quality individuals, thereby preventing solutions from being confined to the parent population range. Second, a two\u2010stage evolutionary strategy is introduced to dynamically adjust the optimization objectives, enabling CA and DA to adopt different strategies in different phases. Finally, BWC\u2010TAA is evaluated on benchmark constrained problems against eight state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that BWC\u2010TAA significantly outperforms the compared algorithms in terms of convergence and diversity indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.70602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T02:30:20Z","timestamp":1770863420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Two\u2010Archive Constrained Multi\u2010Objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Two\u2010Stage Weak Cooperation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1009-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenliang","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2023.127267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.Yu \u201cMulti\u2010Objective Optimization Model Building and Development on International Metropolis Tourism Industry Structure \u201d in pp. 670\u2013673 2015.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMTMA.2015.167"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","article-title":"A Two\u2010Stage Multi\u2010Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for the Dual\u2010Resource Constrained Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem With Variable Sublots","volume":"13","author":"Huang Z.","year":"2025","journal-title":"PRO"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.Song G.Han andG.Zhang \u201cA Two\u2010Stage Differential Evolution for Constrained Multi\u2010Objective Optimization Problems \u201d in pp. 12\u201317 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIS58238.2022.00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2008.2009032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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