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The resulting magnetic material proved to be a general, very efficient and easily reusable catalyst for three synthetically useful organic transformations; selective nitrile hydration, redox isomerization of allylic alcohols, and heteroannulation of (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u2010enynols. The use of low metal concentration, environmentally friendly water as a reaction medium, with no use at all of organic solvent during or after the reactions, and microwaves as an alternative energy source renders the synthetic processes reported herein \u201ctruly\u201d green and sustainable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201000280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,18]],"date-time":"2010-11-18T11:13:38Z","timestamp":1290078818000},"page":"104-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Chemistry by Nanocatalysis: First Example of a Solid\u2010Supported RAPTA Complex for Organic Reactions in Aqueous Medium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sergio E.","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Garrido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Francos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victorio","family":"Cadierno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Marie","family":"Basset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Polshettiwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Green Chemistry Theory and Practice","author":"Anastas P. 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At this point a satisfactory explanation to this fact can not be given."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","unstructured":"Aqueous microwave chemistry has recently emerged as a promising new field of research:"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0509410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b716534j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar700238s"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","volume-title":"Aqueous Microwave Chemistry","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","unstructured":"A blank experiment was carried out using PTA\u2010functionalized nanoparticles2. Only 12\u2009% conversion of benzonitrile into benzamide was observed after 24\u2005h of MW irradiation. This finding confirms that ruthenium is responsible for the catalytic activity."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_2","unstructured":"Recycling of the homogeneous complex [RuCl2(\u03b76\u2010p\u2010cymene)(PTA)] (4) was also explored by using the hydration of benzonitrile as model reaction. Thus after extraction of the benzamide formed with diethyl ether (3\u00d75\u2005mL) the aqueous phase containing the catalyst could be successfully reused only in a second run (97\u2009% yield after 3\u2005h) leading to a maximum conversion of 28\u2009% in the third run. Apparently during the extraction process part of the catalyst is removed which makes the use of3much more convenient from a catalyst recovery point of view."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_2","unstructured":"For reviews on this process see:"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-328X(02)01150-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0103165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_2","first-page":"1105","author":"Cadierno V.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synlett"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_2","unstructured":"See for example:"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B313069J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.200606115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja054827a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja068688o"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b914789f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b916117a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/om100601r"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c004964f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_2","unstructured":"As is the case for the nitrile hydration processes the application of MW irradiation appears to be much more effective than conventional oil\u2010bath heating (selected examples can be found in the Supporting Information)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_2","unstructured":"For recent reviews accounts and highlights dealing with the synthesis of furans see:"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(97)10303-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a809439j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200461668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200461668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b602596j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b608235c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3987\/REV-07-SR(U)2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157017908786241590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-328X(01)01029-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0gc00169d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_2","unstructured":"97\u2009% GC\u2010yield in the 2ndrun after 3\u2005h and 98\u2009% GC\u2010yield in the 3rdrun after 9\u2005h (a maximum conversion of 37\u2009% was observed after 24\u2005h in the 4thone)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_2","unstructured":"99\u2009% GC\u2010yield in the 2ndrun after 1.5\u2005h 99\u2009% GC\u2010yield in the 3rdrun after 5\u2005h and 98\u2009% GC\u2010yield in the 4thrun after 11\u2005h (a maximum conversion of 44\u2009% was observed after 24\u2005h in the 5thone)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470132630.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470132524.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b104021a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4020(95)00838-Y"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcssc.201000280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.201000280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:41:21Z","timestamp":1760366481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.201000280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,18]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.201000280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.201000280","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-11-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}