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In the proposed solution, the two\u2010stage charger involves a three\u2010phase full bridge\u2010based AC\u2010DC stage and a buck\/boost DC\u2010DC stage. In control of the front\u2010end AC\u2010DC stage, the core algorithm of the traditional VSM is adopted. Nevertheless, unlike the traditional VSM\u2010based battery charging scheme, the DC\u2010bus closed\u2010loop in the traditional VSM algorithm is replaced by a positive feedback\u2010based DC power compensation loop, and meanwhile, the DC\u2010bus voltage is regulated by the rear stage DC\u2010DC converter. The proposed method can ensure stable DC\u2010bus voltage control and direct control of charging power. Due to the existence of power compensation control, the power balance between AC and DC terminals can be indirectly controlled without complex power losses calculation process. In addition, the autonomous AC frequency and voltage regulation abilities of the VSM technique can be inherited in the proposed method, which can appear a grid\u2010friendly charging pattern to ensure more stable battery charging. To verify the validity of the proposed method, systematic analysis and experiments are performed on a developed test bed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T21:30:02Z","timestamp":1735507802000},"page":"5243-5254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Virtual Synchronous Machine Based Direct Charging Power Control for the Two\u2010Stage EV Battery Charger"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4574-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u2010MEIC, CICAEET, and School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University  Hefei China"}]},{"given":"Adrian\u00a0David","family":"Cheok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u2010MEIC, CICAEET, and School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u2010MEIC, CICAEET, and School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2434849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2015.2430288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2018.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2012.2212917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. 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