{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T19:08:55Z","timestamp":1762283335012,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52275525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The precise measurement of the axial stress of bolts is of great significance for improving the assembly accuracy and performance stability of high\u2010end equipment such as aeroengines. In response to the problem of low signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) of the echo signal in the measurement of axial stress of small\u2010sized bolts using the ultrasonic method, this paper optimizes the design of hardware circuits to improve the SNR of the echo signal, thereby achieving accurate measurement of axial stress. The transmission circuit is optimized and designed to reduce clutter interference. To overcome the impact of aliasing between the transmitted signal and the echo signal, the pulse repetition frequency of the ultrasonic transmission circuit is optimized. To suppress the impact of high\u2010voltage transmitted pulse signals on echo signals, an optocoupler is used to optimize the isolation circuit of ultrasonic transmitted pulses. An experimental system was established based on the axial stress measurement model of small\u2010sized bolts. The maximum error in axial stress measurement of small\u2010sized bolts (M6) was 26.50\u2009MPa, with a relative error of 8.8%. The feasibility of the hardware circuit designed in this paper has been verified through measurement experiments. This study provides effective hardware and technical support for precisely measuring the axial stress of small\u2010sized bolts in high\u2010end equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T05:21:36Z","timestamp":1739251296000},"page":"6198-6212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasonic Hardware Circuit Design and Signal Processing for Measuring Axial Stress of Small\u2010Sized Bolts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-3631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Technology  Ma'anshan China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Force Measurement (Fujian Metrology Institute)  Fuzhou China"}]},{"given":"Yuanlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Elect Technol Grp Corp., Res Inst 29  Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Yongmeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Ultra\u2010Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Ultra\u2010Precision Intelligent Instrumentation Engineering (Harbin Institute of Technology) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology  Harbin China"}]},{"given":"Jinde","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Technology  Ma'anshan China"}]},{"given":"Shuchao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Technology  Ma'anshan China"},{"name":"Anhui Gongda Information Technology Co., Ltd.  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