{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T03:41:29Z","timestamp":1759722089479,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp;amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This manuscript introduces a power voltage\u2010controlled oscillator (PVCO) with a frequency doubler (FD), utilizing a complementary PMOS\u2010NMOS architecture based on Class\u2010C operation for millimeter\u2010wave and fifth\u2010generation (5G) systems. One output terminal of the VCO core is connected to a power stage operating at the fundamental frequency (\n) in the 21.2\u201323.2\u2009GHz frequency band. The other output terminal is linked to a FD and a power stage working at the second harmonic frequency (\n), covering the 42\u201346.5\u2009GHz frequency range. All inductors are designed on\u2010chip using HFSS simulation tools, achieving a high\u2010quality factor, large self\u2010resonance frequency (SRF), and small die area. To enhance the frequency sensitivity of the PVCO and FD\u2010PVCO, every band is split into three sub\u2010bands by manipulating only one\u2010pin switching voltage. The PVCO operates in the 21.24\u201323.2\u2009GHz range, achieving a figure of merit (FoM) equal to \u2212194.5\u2009dBc\/Hz, a phase noise (PN) equal to \u2212108\u2009dBc\/Hz, and a maximum output power (\n) equal to 5.74\u2009dBm. Meanwhile, the FD\u2010PVCO oscillates in the 42.48\u201346.4\u2009GHz range, achieving a FoM of \u2212200\u2009dBc\/Hz, a PN of \u2212108\u2009dBc\/Hz, and an extreme \n. The proposed design dissipates a DC\u2010power equal to 2.4\u2009mW and occupies an active area of 0.032\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, whereas the overall chip size, including the pads, FD, and power stages, is 0.37\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T04:36:01Z","timestamp":1739594161000},"page":"5729-5738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A mm\u2010Wave Power VCO and Frequency Doubler Based on Class\u2010C Architecture Using 130\u2009nm CMOS Technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microelectronics Department Electronics Research Institute (ERI)  Cairo Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2145-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering Benha University  Cairo Egypt"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.MansourandI.Mansour \u201cTransformer Tank VCO Based on Inverse Class\u2010F Architecture for mm\u2010Wave Applications Using 180nm CMOS Technology \u201d in2023 11th International Japan\u2010Africa Conference on Electronics Communications and Computations (JAC\u2010ECC)(Alexandria Egypt 2023):167\u2013170.","DOI":"10.1109\/JAC-ECC61002.2023.10479651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3747"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2020.3004753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2022.105393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I.Mansour M.Aboualalaa N.Jahan et\u00a0al. \u201cDesign of Multi\u2010layers DGS Resonator for Phase Noise Improvement of K\u2010Band VCOs in 0.18 \u03bcm CMOS Technology \u201d in2018 IEEE 61st International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)(Windsor ON Canada 2018):178\u2013181 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWSCAS.2018.8623874.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2018.8623874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.23045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2021.105251"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2021.3115050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2021.3097212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2022.3201199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.MansourandI.Mansour \u201cTriple Bands Power VCO Based on Transformer\u2010Tank for mm\u2010Wave Application Using 130nm Technology \u201d in2024 41st National Radio Science Conference (NRSC)(New Damietta Egypt 2024):200\u2013207 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NRSC61581.2024.10510467.","DOI":"10.1109\/NRSC61581.2024.10510467"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.4480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T03:14:58Z","timestamp":1759720498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.4480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.4480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.4480","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0098-9886"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-007X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}