{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T03:41:20Z","timestamp":1759722080275,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp;amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, an innovative class\u2010B\/C hybrid mode\u2010switching technology is proposed, which can significantly improve the frequency tuning range (TR) and current efficiency of the voltage\u2010controlled oscillator (VCO). Using the proposed technology, the class\u2010B current in the traditional mode\u2010switching VCO is replaced with the more efficient class\u2010C current, thereby optimizing the power consumption and steady\u2010state performance of the VCO. In addition, the use of a negative resistance structure with an opposite temperature coefficient improves the VCO's robustness to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT), especially to temperature changes. Thanks to the introduction of the low harmonic distortion of the class\u2010C core and the source degeneration resistor, the flicker noise of the transistor and the phase noise (PN) of the VCO have been further improved. The VCO is designed and laid out in 65\u2010nm complementary metal\u2010oxide\u2010semiconductor (CMOS) technology, with a total area of 0.12 \n.The postsimulation TR is 41.3% from 12.6 to 19.1 GHz. The PN and figure of merit turning (\n) at 1\u2010MHz offset are \u2212113.2 and 202.2 dBc\/Hz, respectively. The VCO consumes only 3.36 to 3.58 mA of current under a 1.2\u2009V power supply, while maintaining an 80% current efficiency, which is significantly higher than the 63.7% of typical Class\u2010B VCOs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T09:55:00Z","timestamp":1741686900000},"page":"5769-5780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Hybrid Class\u2010B\/C Mode\u2010Switching VCO With 80% Current Efficiency and 202.2\u00a0dBc\/Hz FoMT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xian China"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xian China"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xian China"}]},{"given":"Ziting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xian China"}]},{"given":"Xinbing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xian China"}]},{"given":"Chunming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xian China"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Northwestern University  Xian China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2642207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.EbrahimiandS.Naseh \u201cA CMOS Low\u2010Noise Low\u2010Power Quadrature LC Oscillator \u201d inIEEE Int. Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) (2009):1305\u20131308 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS.2009.5118003.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2009.5118003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1966.4682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2019.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2284000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2018.2851498"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2663401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2867269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3059442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.3028382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2023.3235347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2008.2004867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2005.845991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2015.2505637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2015.2427582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2022.3223914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42615.2023.10067832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2012.2190185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2015.2415487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC49657.2024.10454356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2865460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2013.2259257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2411792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3005251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3134093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3416510"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.4494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T03:24:17Z","timestamp":1759721057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.4494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.4494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.4494","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0098-9886"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-007X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}