{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T19:07:24Z","timestamp":1762283244867,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021CFB278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFB278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A four\u2010core dual\u2010mode wideband voltage\u2010controlled oscillator (VCO) is proposed for 5G communication systems. The design features a novel complementary VCO structure, which differs from the traditional PMOS and NMOS complementary cross\u2010coupled structure. The fundamental oscillation unit is composed of transconductance units (\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>mc<\/jats:sub>\n                    units) and PMOS cross\u2010coupled pairs. Different oscillation modes are achieved by switching between different\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>mc<\/jats:sub>\n                    units, resulting in an extended tuning range. Current reuse techniques are employed to reduce the VCO's start\u2010up conditions and lower power consumption, thereby enhancing robustness. Using the 65\u2010nm CMOS process, the designed four\u2010core dual\u2010mode VCO achieves a frequency coverage of 19.92\u201340.17\u2009GHz. The maximum power consumption is 14.22\u2009mW, phase noise ranges from \u2212112.60 to \u2212101.64\u2009dBc\/Hz at a 1\u2010MHz offset, and\n                    <jats:italic>FoM<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    varies from 198.28 to 205.84\u2009dBc\/Hz. The core area occupies 0.21\u2009mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T22:00:51Z","timestamp":1742248851000},"page":"6119-6129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Four\u2010Core Dual\u2010Mode VCO With a Frequency Range of 19.92\u201340.17\u2009GHz Using Current Reuse and Transconductance Unit Switching Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8683-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7013-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengwang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8951-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinguo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuit Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3029775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3036046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2017.2705148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"385","volume-title":"\"Providing High Capacity for AR\/VR Traffic in 5G Systems With Multi\u2010Connectivity,\" 2022 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","author":"Susloparov M.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2876044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2855151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2018.2868111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2948888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2010.2091203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.3028382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3059442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2012.2190185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"540","volume-title":"ISSCC. 2005 IEEE International Digest of Technical Papers. Solid\u2010State Circuits Conference, 2005","author":"Yun S.\u2010J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.FanoriandP.Andreani \"A High\u2010Swing Complementary Class\u2010C VCO \" 2013 Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC) Bucharest Romania (2013) pp.407\u2013410 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2013.6649159.","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2013.6649159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.Yanchi W.Gai X.XiangandH.Niu \"A 14GHz Cascade Differential\u2010Capacitor\u2010Based DCO With Resistor\u2010Biased Buffer \" 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) Daegu Korea (2021) pp.1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS51556.2021.9401219.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS51556.2021.9401219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/mia2.12205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2019.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.BhatandN.Krishnapura \"26.3 A 25\u2010to\u201038GHz 195dB FoMT LC QVCO in 65nm LP CMOS Using a 4\u2010Port Dual\u2010Mode Resonator for 5G Radios \" 2019 IEEE International Solid\u2010State Circuits Conference \u2010 (ISSCC) San Francisco CA USA (2019) pp.412\u2013414 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662502.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2867269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9060935","article-title":"A Design of Wide\u2010Range and Low Phase Noise Linear Transconductance VCO With 193.76\u2009dBc\/Hz FoMT for mm\u2010Wave 5G Transceivers","volume":"9","author":"Hejazi A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V.Aggarwal R.Bhattacharya T.KukalandS.Aniruddhan \"Comparison of Millimeter Wave Quadrature\u2010VCOs for 28GHz 5G Applications \" 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) Seville Spain (2020) pp.1\u20134 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS45731.2020.9180392.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS45731.2020.9180392"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.4524","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T19:00:23Z","timestamp":1762282823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.4524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.4524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.4524","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0098-9886"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-007X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}