{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:23:59Z","timestamp":1766514239548,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp;amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A ratiometric time\u2010domain temperature sensor is presented in this work. The front\u2010end of the sensor generates two temperature\u2010dependent currents: proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) and complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT), which bias two ring oscillators, the first of which generates the PTAT clock and the second the CTAT clock. The clocks are combined within an all\u2010digital sigma\u2013delta converter consisting of an up\/down counter, a Flip\u2010Flop, and a 12\u2010bit counter. The sensor occupies an area of only 0.019\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , which gives it an advantage over the vast majority of smart temperature sensors in 180\u2010nm technology, including some sensors in lower nodes. The min\/max accuracies of the measured 12 parts are \u22120.6\/+6.6\u00b0C achieved with the 1\u2010point and \u22122.7\/+2.3\u00b0C achieved with the 2\u2010point trimming. The nominal resolution of the sensor is 0.3\u00b0C \u00a0(effective resolution is 0.37\u00b0C \u00a0and ENOB is 8.8 bits) and the measuring range is \u221240 to 125\u00b0C.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1744686082000},"page":"7271-7280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Smart Temperature Sensor Using Ring Oscillators and All\u2010Digital Sigma\u2010Delta Modulator in 180\u2010nm Technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7209-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan\u00a0Porin","family":"Toli\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ams\u2010OSRAM AG  Premst\u00e4tten Austria"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kleinschuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graz University of Technology  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Schatzberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ams\u2010OSRAM AG  Premst\u00e4tten Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5913-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tvrtko","family":"Mandi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrijan","family":"Bari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2598765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2246254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2952855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2013.2281746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3171106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2023.3342937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3112812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2325574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRFID.2019.2896145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3170932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2022.105671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2022.105429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2021.105018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2023.3269077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.3018164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3094166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2953834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2023.3290536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3366572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2023.3342937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2019.2938140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2686442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2585820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2015.2503717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2023.3266437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.3013110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2568242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2788878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2019.2925132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2786735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. 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