{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:59:53Z","timestamp":1777064393050,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp;amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To address the issue of coil misalignment in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for cardiac pacemakers, which leads to fluctuations in power transmission efficiency (PTE) and reduce system stability, this paper proposes a WPT system operating at 150\u2009kHz based on dual\u2010array mixed magnetic metamaterials (Mix\u2010MNG). First, three types of resonant units with different magnetic permeability were designed based on the quality factor theory of metamaterials. The arithmetic variation method was employed to reduce the ohmic losses of hexagonal resonant units, optimizing their quality factor. Second, a dual\u2010array structure of Mix\u2010MNG was constructed based on the varying magnetic field refraction capabilities of units with different magnetic permeability. The system's transmission performance and misalignment tolerance were analyzed through simulations and experiments. Third, a human body model was created in COMSOL to evaluate the system's safety. Experimental results show that at a transmission distance of 20\u2009mm, the PTE of the system incorporating the dual\u2010array Mix\u2010MNG increased from 30.7% to 73.2%. Furthermore, within a 30\u2009mm misalignment range of the single array Mix\u2010MNG and the receiving coil, the system maintained transmission efficiencies of 41.2%\u201358.1% and 30.3%\u201356.6%. During a 30\u2010min charging test, the tissue SAR values and temperature rise remained within safe thresholds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T03:34:36Z","timestamp":1744601676000},"page":"6801-6817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual\u2010Array Mixed Magnetic Metamaterials via Strong Magnetic Coupling Based Wireless Power Transfer System for Cardiac Pacemakers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5867-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souleiman\u00a0Hassan","family":"Guirreh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University  Huludao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feiyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University  Huludao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University  Huludao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jishen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University  Huludao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2023.3319050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3319133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3402238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2016.2581840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Misalignment\u2010Tolerant Coupling Cell of 2\u2010D Modular WPT System for Charging Area Simplified Extension","author":"Wu X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/pel2.12070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16176008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC03384B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3692757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2024.3395572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"H.Wang J.Yu X.Ye et\u00a0al. \u201cMetamaterial\u2010Controlled Parity\u2010Time Symmetry in Non\u2010Hermitian Wireless Power Transfer Systems \u201d arxiv preprint arxiv:2312.04829 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3378995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2022.3188297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01677-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tee.24167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5010218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.2018.2865520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2019.2941636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.792620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31389-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11132029"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"865","article-title":"Wireless Power Supply System for Cardiac Pacemaker Based on Hybrid Magnetic Metamaterials","volume":"38","author":"Weihua C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2840522"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"170","article-title":"IT'IS Database for Thermal and Electromagnetic Parameters of Biological Tissues","volume":"93","author":"Hasgall P. 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