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One group is the FCL with open\u2010circuited at the diagonal terminals, which forms the quadrature coupler with the feature of wideband filtering. The other group is the FCL with connection at the adjacent ports to construct the resonator. Wideband reflectionless behavior at all ports can be achieved when it cooperates with two resistors. Design equations are derived based on the\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010matrix of the FCL, and parameter investigations are performed. For validation, a prototype operating at 2\u2009GHz is modeled and optimized in Ansoft HFSS, then fabricated on Rogers 4350b. Measurement results indicate that the prototype exhibits the all\u2010port\u2010reflectionless bandwidth of more than 320%, the passband bandwidth of larger than 70%, and the stopband rejection of over 19\u2009dB. Moreover, it is also the smallest (occupying an area of only 0.27\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009\u00d7\u20090.11\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) when compared to the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art reflectionless FDCs, which is rather suitable for the highly integrated communication system applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T03:48:20Z","timestamp":1743997700000},"page":"6920-6928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["All\u2010Port\u2010Reflectionless Planar Wideband Filtering Directional Coupler Using Two Groups of Four\u2010Coupled\u2010Lines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University  Dalian China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3834-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University  Dalian China"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University  Dalian China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4665-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongbao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University  Dalian China"}]},{"given":"Shaojun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University  Dalian China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2018.2876238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2023.3322740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.Zhang H. M.Liu Y. J.Pei T.MaandS. R.Zhang Compact Wideband Four\u2010Coupled\u2010Line Based Filtering Directional Coupler With Wide Upper Stopband \" 2024 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) Chengdu China 2024.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIERS62282.2024.10618795"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2959769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2974007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2022.3147194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3152802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2012.2224650"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2856837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Ma Y.Wu C.He W.WangandY.Liu A Wideband Filter\u2010Integrated Coupler Using Substrate Integrated Suspended Line (SISL) Technology With Patterned Substrate 2018 International Applied Computational Electromagn. Society Symposium\u2014China (ACES) Beijing China 2018 pp.1\u20132.","DOI":"10.23919\/ACESS.2018.8669381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2021.3085879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2925113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2018.2829894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Y. S.Wong S. Y.ZhengandW. S.Chan A Wideband Coupler With Wide Suppression Band Using Coupled Stub Proc. Asia\u2010Pacific Microw. Conf. Melbourne VIC Australia 2011 pp.1058\u20131061."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.22869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2022.3187982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3036388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.Gomez\u2010Garc\u0131a J.\u2010M.Munoz\u2010FerrerasandD.Psychogiou Input\u2010Reflectionless Out\u2010of\u2010Phase 3\u2010dB Bandpass Filtering Couplers 2019 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) Orlando FL USA 2019 pp.1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/RWS.2019.8880547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2933212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2020.2986155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1966.1126266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2014.0467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCPMT.2018.2869077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.22805"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.4552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T04:41:32Z","timestamp":1765341692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.4552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.4552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.4552","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0098-9886"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-007X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}