{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:16:37Z","timestamp":1773015397558,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this paper, a speed\u2013current single\u2010loop control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLMs) with load variations is investigated. First, a second\u2010order model of the PMSLM is developed by combining the speed and\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010axis current. Then, a speed regulation strategy consisting of a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control and second\u2010order nonlinear disturbance observers is designed for the developed second\u2010order model to improve the response and disturbance rejection performance of the PMSLM. The matched and mismatched disturbances of the second\u2010order model are estimated by second\u2010order nonlinear disturbance observers. The convergence of the studied control strategies is analyzed by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show the advantages of the studied control strategy in terms of response and robustness compared with the PID and SMC based on cascade structure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1747797603000},"page":"1015-1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Second\u2010Order Nonlinear Disturbance Observer\u2013Based Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control for PMSLM System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9099-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyi","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 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G.WangandZ.Wang \u201cTracking Control Strategy of PMSLM With a Novel Observer\u2010Based Compensator and a RBFNN\u2010Based Controller \u201d2018 IEEE 7th Data Driven Control and Learning Systems Conference (DDCLS) Enshi China 2018 996\u20131000.","DOI":"10.1109\/DDCLS.2018.8515981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2793232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Li J.Zhao L.Wang Y.Hu Z.WangandJ.Song \u201cPID Parameters Optimization of PMSLM Servo System Based on Improved Differential Evolution \u201d2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) Harbin China 2019 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMS.2019.8922239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2840521"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Design of a Finite\u2010Time Control Based Composite Controller for a PMSM Speed Regulation 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