{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:39:11Z","timestamp":1781109551559,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62350610268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62350610268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp;amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The negative group delay (NGD) circuit is uniquely capable of propagating arbitrary waveform signals with time advancement. Achieving significant NGD performance in practical applications, however, requires a multistage design approach. This article develops a design methodology for multistage low\u2010pass (LP) NGD circuits based on RL\u2010networks. After recalling the theoretical design equations enabling the determination of the multistage LP\u2010NGD parameters based on the desired time advance and signal bandwidth, a design flow methodology is introduced. As proof\u2010of\u2010concept, a feasibility study of a multistage LP\u2010NGD circuit, designed for a time advance of \u2212100\u2009ms, is conducted using a three\u2010stage printed circuit board (PCB) consisting of RL\u2010cells. Simulations in both the frequency and time domains confirm that the fabricated PCB prototype can propagate different waveform signals as expected, demonstrating the LP\u2010NGD properties. Time\u2010advance measurements with the PCB prototype further validate these LP\u2010NGD effect findings. The proposed multistage design methodology provides a promising solution for addressing signal delay issues and offers new opportunities for innovative signal processing applications in future electronic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T02:20:21Z","timestamp":1750299621000},"page":"132-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility Study of Multistage Low\u2010Pass NGD Circuit Design Methodology Using RL\u2010Network"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Yujie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology (NUIST)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Jianing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology (NUIST)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antsiranana  Antsiranana Madagascar"},{"name":"Laboratoire des Syst\u00e8mes \u00c9lectriques, LR11ES15 University of Tunis El Manar, \u00c9NIT  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology (NUIST)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul\u00a0Sanchez","family":"Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4i Intelligent Insights Tecnoincubadora Marie Curie, PCT Cartuja  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8576-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Guerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS, University of Toulon, IM2NP UMR7334  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blaise","family":"Ravelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology (NUIST)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20001377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2967730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.48.738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(85)90305-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1140\/epjd\/e2003-00022-0","article-title":"Propagation of Light\u2010Pulses at a Negative Group\u2010Velocity","volume":"23","author":"Macke B.","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2004.827018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2003.808719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2003.817556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2005.845197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER09052801"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"808","article-title":"Negative Group Velocity in Resistive Lossy Left\u2010Handed Transmission Lines","volume":"10","author":"Barroso J. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Map"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2017.0328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2761890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:RAQE.0000031672.70934.3a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2015.2856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2002.807979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1119\/1.1503378"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1773926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1119\/1.18813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-9601(97)00244-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4490180306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2008.2006217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2921834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3172881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470\u2010018\u20101172\u2010y"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.70033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T03:02:28Z","timestamp":1767754948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.70033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.70033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.70033","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-9886","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-007X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}