{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:15:21Z","timestamp":1773011721428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51907083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51907083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp;amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aiming at the problems of complicated capacitor voltage control methods and poor dynamic voltage balancing capability under unbalanced working conditions in traditional multilevel converters, this paper proposes a voltage self\u2010balancing four\u2010level converter topology. The topology achieves voltage self\u2010balancing of both flying capacitors and DC\u2010link capacitors through structural optimization. Meanwhile, it significantly enhances dynamic voltage balancing response under unbalanced conditions. A mathematical model of the proposed topology is developed, and the pulse width modulation signals are analyzed using double Fourier transform. This analytical framework enables a systematic investigation into the voltage self\u2010balancing mechanism. In addition, an enhanced carrier cascade method is proposed in this paper. By selecting specific switching states, the capacitor voltage self\u2010balancing capability and dynamic voltage balancing capability of the topology are guaranteed under different operating conditions. Furthermore, compared with 4L\u2010NPC and 4L\u2010FC, the proposed topology shows better self\u2010balancing performance and reduced control complexity. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the topology and method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T23:04:56Z","timestamp":1752102296000},"page":"1679-1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topology and Control of a Novel Voltage Self\u2010Balancing Four\u2010Level Converter"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-8775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Automation Jiangsu Normal University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Automation Jiangsu Normal University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quangen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Automation Jiangsu Normal University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Automation Jiangsu Normal University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3028-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhifang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Automation Jiangsu Normal University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3441610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2023.3242204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2021.3130337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3424402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2947218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EPDC53015.2021.9610803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2348937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2019.8927104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2020.3006960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2023.3328980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CHILECON47746.2019.8987717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDG.2017.7972477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"798","volume-title":"2022 4th International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES), Beijing, China","author":"Li J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2023.3288499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3364680"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.913728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2002.803174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2007.915175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2002.801071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2022.3147258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2614267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2957699"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.70060","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cta.70060","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.70060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:43:43Z","timestamp":1773006223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.70060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.70060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.70060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-9886","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-007X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}