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Cells stained sequentially with biotinylated antibodies, fluorochrome\u2010conjugated avidin, and superparamagnetic biotinylated\u2010microparticles (about 100 nm diameter) are separated on high gradient magnetic (HGM) columns. Unlabelled cells pass through the column, while labelled cells are retained. The retained cells can be easily eluted. More than 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> cells can be processed in about 15 min. Enrichment rates of more than 100\u2010fold and depletion rates of several 1,000\u2010fold can be achieved. The simultaneous tagging of cells with fluorochromes and very small, invisible magnetic beads makes this system an ideal complement to flow cytometry. Light scatter and fluorescent parameters of the cells are not changed by the bound particles. Magnetically separated cells can be analysed by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry or sorted by fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting without further treatment. Magnetic tagging and separation does not affect cell viability and proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990110203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T14:56:54Z","timestamp":1123513014000},"page":"231-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1329,"title":["High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Miltenyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Werner","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Weichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Radbruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(78)90072-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.99.5.859","article-title":"Chromium chloride as a coupling reagent for passive hemagglutination reactions","volume":"99","author":"Gold E. 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