{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:01:36Z","timestamp":1770721296611,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,8]],"date-time":"2005-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1110240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4084,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rapid, gentle, and sensitive method for quantification of cells undergoing apoptosis is presented. The method allows the simultaneous determination of dual\u2010color cell surface immunofluorescence. Cells are stained for 7 min with the vital dye Hoechst 33342 (HO342) for identification of live and apoptotic cells. 7\u2010amino\u2010actinomycin D (7\u2010AAD) is added to distinguish cells that have lost membrane integrity from apoptotic and live cells. Due to its spectral properties 7\u2010AAD can be utilized on cells that are dual\u2010surface labelled with fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE). The value of the method is demonstrated on human thymocytes, which constitutively undergo programmed cell death and which show an increase in the rate of apoptosis after exposure to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). Vital staining with HO342 permits earlier detection of apoptotic changes compared to a staining technique in which cells are treated with a hypotonic citrate solution containing propidium iodide (PI) and the apoptotic cells are represented in a hypodiploid, \u201csub\u2010G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u201d peak. The HO342\/7AAD method may be particularly applicable to studies of programmed cell death in cells in which DNA fragmentation is difficult to detect by decreased DNA stainability. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990150104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,30]],"date-time":"2005-06-30T19:22:46Z","timestamp":1120159366000},"page":"12-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Sensitive method for measuring apoptosis and cell surface phenotype in human thymocytes by flow cytometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christel H.","family":"Uittenbogaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janis V.","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood","volume":"97","author":"Boyum A","year":"1968","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990130802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(92)90048-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1945","article-title":"Detection of DNA strand breaks in individual apoptotic cells by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and nick translation assays","volume":"53","author":"Gorczyca W","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Immunodeficiency in HIV Infection and AIDS","author":"Gougeon ML","year":"1992"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of cell death pattern of apoptosis and necrosis","volume":"14","author":"Kubbies M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.1.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Differential response of human thymus cells to CD2 antibodies: Fragmentation of DNA of CD45RO+ and proliferation of CD45RO\u2010 subsets","volume":"75","author":"Li J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/28.1.6153191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990130803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.6.1801","article-title":"Calcium\u2010dependent killing of immature thymocytes by stimulation via the CD3\/T cell receptor complex","volume":"143","author":"McConkey DJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90198-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(92)90305-D"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Characterization of apoptosis in rat thymocytes by flow cytometry","volume":"14","author":"Ormerod MG","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990130216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(92)90251-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/351150a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90396-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.5.2983","article-title":"Human lymphocyte differentiation antigens HB\u201010 and HB\u201011 I. Ontogeny of expression","volume":"134","author":"Tedder TF","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990130205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"72","volume":"19","author":"Uittenbogaart CH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Growth of human malignant cell lines in serum free medium. In Vitro"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/2.12.1179"}],"container-title":["Cytometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcyto.990150104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cyto.990150104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T19:19:43Z","timestamp":1698175183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cyto.990150104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cyto.990150104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.990150104","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-4763","1097-0320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-4763","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}}}