{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:49:04Z","timestamp":1778633344739,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]],"date-time":"2005-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4785,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are numerous examples of the regular segregation of achiasmate chromosomes at meiosis I in <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> females. Classically, the choice of achiasmate segregational partners has been thought to be independent of homology, but rather made on the basis of availability or similarities in size and shape. To the contrary, we show here that heterochromatic homology plays a primary role in ensuring the proper segregation of achiasmate homologs. We observe that the heterochromatin of chromosome <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic> functions as, or contains, a meiotic pairing site. We show that free duplications carrying the <jats:italic>4th<\/jats:italic> chromosome pericentric heterochromatin induce high frequencies of <jats:italic>4th<\/jats:italic> chromosome nondisjunction regardless of their size. Moreover, a duplication from which some of the <jats:italic>4th<\/jats:italic> chromosome heterochromatin has been removed is unable to induce <jats:italic>4th<\/jats:italic> chromosome nondisjunction. Similarly, in the absence of either euchromatic homology or a size similarity, duplications bearing the X chromosome heterochromatin also disrupt the segregation of two achiasmate X chromosome centromeres. Although heterochromatic regions are sufficient to conjoin nonexchange homologues, we confirm that the segregation of heterologous chromosomes is determined by size, shape, and availability. The meiotic mutation <jats:italic>Axs<\/jats:italic> differentiates between these two processes of achiasmate centromere coorientation by disrupting only the homology\u2010dependent mechanism. Thus there are two different mechanisms by which achiasmate segregational partners are chosen. We propose that the absence of diplotene\u2010diakinesis during female meiosis allows heterochromatic pairings to persist until prometaphase and thus to co\u2010orient homologous centromeres. We also propose that heterologous disjunctions result from a separate and homology\u2010independent process that likely occurs during prometaphase. The latter process, which may not require the physical association of segregational partners, is similar to those observed in many insects, in <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic> and in <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> males. We also suggest that the physical basis of this process may reflect known properties of the <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> meiotic spindle. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020130608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,25]],"date-time":"2005-05-25T22:34:10Z","timestamp":1117060450000},"page":"440-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["There are two mechanisms of achiasmate segregation in <i>Drosophila<\/i> females, one of which requires heterochromatic homology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"R. Scott","family":"Hawley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Irick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deana A.","family":"Haddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Whitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Arbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"McKim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne 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