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We have established an experimental system which demonstrates that large numbers of nonantigen\u2010specific T cells are induced to proliferate as a result of antigen\u2010specific T cells' confrontation with antigen. This phenomenon, which we call <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>stimulation<\/jats:italic> is antigen\u2010dependent and antigen\u2010specific. Although the presence of antigen\u2010specific T cells is required, these cells do not have to proliferate in order to induce trans\u2010stimulation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In an attempt to enrich for antigen\u2010specific T cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, we established conditions for culturing T cells in the presence of antigen for long periods of time (up to 6 weeks). High levels of antigen reactivity were observed upon antigen restimulation of \u201cdirectly\u201d stimulated T cells from long\u2010term cultures. In contrast, long\u2010term cultures of trans\u2010stimulated cells were depleted of antigen reactivity. Neither type of long\u2010term culture contained detectable alloreactive cells indicating that trans\u2010stimulation is not reflected randomly upon bystander T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830090903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T12:14:45Z","timestamp":1172664885000},"page":"665-670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Antigen\u2010specific stimulation and trans\u2010stimulation of T cells in long\u2010term culture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Andrei A.","family":"Augustin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Julius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Cosenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.110.4.934","volume":"110","author":"Rosenstreich D. 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