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The carrier\u2010reactive (\u201chelper\u201d) cells do not adhere to nylon wool, are X ray\u2010resistant and surface Ig\u2010negative. The cell adherence and X ray sensitivity characteristics of these <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> \u201cT\u201d cells and their ability to generate a mixed lymphocyte response, allogeneic cytotoxic and helper activities, are identical to those of thymus\u2010derived (T) cells in higher vertebrates. The hapten\u2010reactive, antibody\u2010secreting cell precursors are nylon\u2010adherent, X ray\u2010sensitive and surface Ig\u2010positive. In the absence of other distinguishing serological markers for T cells in frogs, and considering the thymus dependency of the helper activity described here, the evidence presented is interpreted as demonstrating the requirement for antigen\u2010specific T\u2010B cell cooperation in response to soluble protein antigens <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> for <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830101112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T12:20:52Z","timestamp":1172665252000},"page":"869-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> evidence for T\u2010B lymphocyte collaboration in the clawed toad, <i>Xenopus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claude C. 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