{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:11:58Z","timestamp":1770347518028,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7260,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The avian bursa of Fabricius contains about 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> discrete follicles, each of which is colonized by a small number of lymphoid progenitor cells during embryonic life. We have previously shown (J. R. L. Pink et al., <jats:italic>Eur. J. Immunol.<\/jats:italic> 1985. <jats:italic>15<\/jats:italic>: 617) that all, or almost all B cell progenitors in the bursae of 4\u2010day\u2010old chicks express cell surface IgM. In this report, we have analyzed the distribution of cell surface (s)IgM\u20101 allotypes within individual follicles of (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u20101<jats:sup><jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u20101<jats:sup><jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) allotype heterozygous birds. Although the majority of follicles contained a mixture of sIgM\u20101a<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and sIgM\u20101b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, a significant proportion of isolated follicles contained exclusively sIgM\u20101a<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> or sIgM\u20101b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. Statistical analysis of the frequency of such \u201cM\u20101a\u201d and \u201cM\u20101b\u201d follicles demonstrated that the sIg<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells in the bursae of 4\u20138\u2010week\u2010old birds are derived from 2\u20134 allotypically committed precursor cells per follicle. Since we have previously shown that each bursal follicle is colonized by 2\u20135 pre\u2010bursal stem cells, these cells must be committed to the eventual expression of one or other allotypic haplotype before they have undergone extensive proliferation within the bursa.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In addition, we show that almost all B progenitor cells from the bursae of chicks which had been allotype suppressed as embryos were committed to synthesis of the nonsuppressed allotype, showing that this commitment was essentially complete at the time of suppression (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic> before 19 days of incubation). Finally the bone marrow of 16\u2010day embryos was used to reconstitute the bursal lymphocytes of cyclophosphamide\u2010treated host embryos. Reconstitution was inhibited by anti\u2010Ig antiserum indicating that most 16\u2010day embryonic BM\u2010derived bursal cell precursors also express sIgM. These results raise the possibility that expression of sIgM may be controlled by a \u201cbiological clock\u201d rather than by any inductive capacity of the bursal microenvironment. Furthermore, these results provide further evidence that in normal birds a self\u2010renewing sIg<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cell population in the hatched chicken is the sole source of B cells in the adult.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830160204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T23:06:10Z","timestamp":1172703970000},"page":"129-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Avian B cell precursors: Surface immunoglobulin expression is an early, possibly bursa\u2010independent event"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael J. H.","family":"Ratcliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Lassila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. Richard L.","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Vainio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0571445"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/208956a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(76)90227-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000230175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.123.5.2091","volume":"123","author":"Lassila O.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(81)90228-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(80)90402-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830130715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01570405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830150616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.1975.tb00510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830091104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830150116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830110407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830030912"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(74)90265-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830050716"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830110408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.7.2701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"366","volume":"163","author":"Weber W. T.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-197404000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.5.2038","volume":"130","author":"Jalkanen S.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(83)90124-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.126.3.865","volume":"126","author":"McDonald H. R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.180600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90142-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"69","volume-title":"The Immune System","author":"Pink J. R. L.","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830160204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830160204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T23:56:00Z","timestamp":1697932560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830160204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830160204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830160204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]}}}