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The microglial cells were phagocytic, contained nonspecific esterase activity and expressed Fc (IgG<jats:sub>1\/2b<\/jats:sub>) and type\u20103 complement receptors. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that in analogy to brain tissue two types of microglial cells are present in the cultures: the ameboid and the ramified type which both display similar appearance by transmission electron microscopy. Interleukin 3 and the granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor were potent growth factors for the cultured microglial cells. The cells were negative for class II antigens (Ia) of the major histocompatibility antigen complex. However, upon treatment with interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) microglial cells became Ia<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and functioned as antigen\u2010presenting cells when tested on ovalbumin\u2010specific Ia\u2010restricted helper T cells. Furthermore, microglial cells exposed to IFN\u2010\u03b3 and endotoxin developed tumor cell cytotoxicity and produced tumor necrosis factor \u03b1. Taken together, microglial cells share the characteristics of cells of the macrophage lineage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830170909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:51:04Z","timestamp":1172710264000},"page":"1271-1278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":505,"title":["Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2010treated microglial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Frei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Siepl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Groscurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bodmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Schwerdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.6.2413","volume":"129","author":"Fontana A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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