{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:59:50Z","timestamp":1774677590538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6535,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the T cell differentiation antigen CD28 (Tp44) induce proliferation of resting T lymphocytes in the presence of phorbol esters. Moreover, it has been reported that such antibodies augment and sustain T cell proliferation induced by soluble antigens, phytohemagglutinin and anti\u2010CD3 mAb. Recently, we have shown that in monocyte\u2010depleted T cell suspensions, anti\u2010CD28 mAb 9.3 and Kolt\u20102 were able to circumvent the requirement for interleukin 2 (IL2) in T cell proliferation induced by soluble anti\u2010CD3 antibodies. Apart from the synergy of anti\u2010CD28 antibodies with phorbol myristate acetate and anti\u2010CD3 antibodies, we found that anti\u2010CD28 mAb were able to induce T cell mitogenesis in combination with an E rosette\u2010blocking anti\u2010CD2 antibody. In this report, we show that antibodies directed against different epitopes on the CD2 antigen can synergize with anti\u2010CD28 mAb. Furthermore, we demonstrate that proliferation induced through the synergistic action of anti\u2010CD28 mAb with anti\u2010CD2 antibodies can be induced in the absence of accessory cells and is accompanied by the production of IL 2 and the excpression of IL2 receptors. We were unable to induce detectable Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> mobilization through the simultaneous binding of anti\u2010CD28 and anti\u2010CD2 mAb. Taken together, these data show that IL2\u2010dependent proliferation can be induced through the simultaneous binding of anti\u2010CD28 and anti\u2010CD2 antibodies, possibly through phosphatidyl inositol\u2010independent pathways. The observations may provide further insight into the activation mechanisms of human T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:50:13Z","timestamp":1172710213000},"page":"167-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Signals involved in T cell activation. T cell proliferation induced through the synergistic action of anti\u2010CD28 and anti\u2010CD2 monoclonal antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ren\u00e9 A. W. 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