{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:05:04Z","timestamp":1757541904383},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6475,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Helper T (T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>) cell\u2010dependent activation requirements for 2,4,6\u2010trinitrophenyl (TNP)\u2010specific resting B cells obtained from mice transgenic for Sp\u20106 \u03bc,\u03c7 genes were analyzed. Carrier\u2010specific T cell help required linked recognition of TNP carrier and was functionally restricted by the B cell major histocompatibility complex. However, histoincompatible T cell\u2010B cell conjugates formed by bridging surface immunoglobulin and T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub> cell receptor for antigen (TcR) through TNP\u2010conjugated anti\u2010TcR antibodies resulted in the efficient differentiation of TNP\u2010specific B cells. Thus, T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub> cell\u2010dependent cognate recognition of B cells is not obligatory. Specific conjugate formation could be obviated by using unconjugated fragments of anti\u2010TcR antibodies. If dimeric, these fragments supported the Th cell\u2010dependent differentiation of co\u2010cultured histoincompatible resting B cells. Unconjugated monomeric fragments were ineffective, demonstrating the necessity for TcR cross\u2010linking. Resting B cells from Sp\u20106' mice rendered TNP\u2010conjugated monomeric fragments of anti\u2010TcR antibodies effectively multivalent, thereby satisfying conditions for the activation of co\u2010cultured T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub> cells. The results demonstrate that T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub> cells do not transduce activation signals through TcR recognition of B cell membrane\u2010associated ligand which limit the induction of B cell differentiation. Cross\u2010linking of TcR on Th cells is required, sufficient and can be induced through interaction with the antigen\u2010specific B cell surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T01:15:11Z","timestamp":1172711711000},"page":"381-386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The molecular interactions with helper T cells which limit antigen\u2010specific B cell differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Julius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Georg","family":"Rammensee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael J. 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