{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T05:12:38Z","timestamp":1770700358798,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5896,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In mice, 12 germ\u2010line D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes belonging to three different families (D<jats:sub>Q52<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>SP2<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>FL16<\/jats:sub>) have been identified. The D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes other than D<jats:sub>Q52<\/jats:sub> are clustered in the 60 kb\u2010long region located between V<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> and J<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes. Since there are seven D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> gene families (D<jats:sub>HQ52<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>XP<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>LR<\/jats:sub>) in humans, we tried to identify new D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> gene families in the 60 kb\u2010long region using human D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> gene probes. Mouse and human D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes showing the highest similarity were mouse D<jats:sub>FL16<\/jats:sub> genes and human D<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> genes. Southern hybridization of the mouse clones covering the 60\u2010kb region with human D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> probes did not detect any other D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 4.0\u2010kb fragment containing the D<jats:sub>FL16.1<\/jats:sub> gene confirmed this conclusion. Comparison of the 12 germ\u2010line D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes and more than 150 somatic D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> sequences also indicated that there are not more germ\u2010line D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes in the mouse genome. Moreover, comparison of nucleotide sequences of D<jats:sub>FL16.1<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>SP2.2<\/jats:sub> genes and their surrounding regions suggests that both D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> gene families originate from the same primordial D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> gene. Using the flanking sequences of both D<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> genes, the divergence date between D<jats:sub>FL16<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>SP2<\/jats:sub> genes was estimated at around 37 million years ago.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830191014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T08:33:43Z","timestamp":1172738023000},"page":"1849-1854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Only d<sub>fl16<\/sub>, d<sub>sp2<\/sub>, and d<sub>q52<\/sub> gene families exist in mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity gene loci, of which d<sub>fl16<\/sub> and d<sub>sp2<\/sub> originate from the same primordial d<sub>h<\/sub> gene"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Hayashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sanzo","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Kurosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/302575a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/280288a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90089-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.155.1.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/294631a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(75)80083-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5463"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.10.3030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01955.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/312418a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","volume-title":"Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest","author":"Kabat E. 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