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In this study it is confirmed that almost all germinal center B cells, unlike other B cells, do not express the 25\u2010kDa protein encoded by the bcl\u20102 oncogene. Cross\u2010linking the surface Ig of isolated germinal center cells causes them to express bcl\u20102 protein. Two other stimuli which inhibit the entry of germinal center cells to apoptosis result in the expression of bcl\u20102 protein. These stimuli are: (a) CD40 antibody and (b) recombinant 25\u2010kDa fragment of the CD23 protein plus recombinant interleukin 1\u03b1. Respectively, these induce germinal center cells to differentiate to resting B cells or plasmablasts. Dual\u2010fluorescence studies on small lymphocytes confirm the presence of bcl\u20102 protein in mitochondria but show that this is also present in other extra\u2010nuclear areas.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Burkitt lymphoma cells have a phenotype which indicates that they are neoplastic cells of germinal center origin. The expression of bcl\u20102 protein by Burkitt lymphoma lines was also studied. Burkitt lines which retain the phenotype of fresh Burkitt lymphoma cells can be induced to enter apoptosis on culture with the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ionophore ionomycin. These cells were found not to express bcl\u20102 protein. By contrast, Burkitt lines which have drifted towards a lymphoblastoid cell line phenotype and are resistant to the induction of apoptosis express high levels of the bcl\u20102 protein.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The findings support the concept that the susceptibility of germinal center cells to entering apoptosis is associated with their lack of expression of bcl\u20102 protein. Aberrant expression of bcl\u20102 protein by some neoplastic germinal center cells may allow survival in situations where their normal counterparts die.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T13:02:33Z","timestamp":1172754153000},"page":"1905-1910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["Germinal center cells express bcl\u20102 protein after activation by signals which prevent their entry into apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yong\u2010Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Y.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Abbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Hardie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian C. 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