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Using this model system the effects of addition of interleukin (IL)2, IL4 or IL7 to the culture medium on the therapeutic efficacy of the anti\u2010tumor CTL generated was investigated. In this regard, IL7 was found to be the most potent of the cytokines tested. Addition of IL7 either alone, or in combination with low doses of IL2, resulted in the generation of CTL with significantly (6\u20138\u2010fold) enhanced therapeutic efficacy <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic> Anti\u2010tumor effector cells generated in the presence of IL7 were also found to be at least 4\u2010fold more effective at eliminating established tumors than CTL generated in medium alone. Of the other cytokines tested, addition of IL2 resulted in elevated CTL activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, but only a modest (approximately 2\u20133\u2010fold) enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic> Addition of IL4, either alone or in combination with IL2, also resulted in the generation of effector cells with enhanced tumoricidal activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and yet the therapeutic efficacy of these cells was decreased compared to that of CTL generated in medium alone. These observations indicate that (a) inclusion of IL 7 in the medium in which tumor\u2010reactive T cells are cultured can markedly enhance the immunotherapeutic efficacy of the resulting effector cell populations; and (b) <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assays of tumoricidal activity cannot be used as a reliable predictor of therapeutic efficacy <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T12:49:55Z","timestamp":1172753395000},"page":"2977-2985","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i> evaluation of the effects of interleukins 2, 4 and 7 on enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti\u2010tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"David H.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Namen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830050402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.123.4.1772","volume":"123","author":"Fernandez\u2010Cruz E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. 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