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By double staining we have shown that (a) synovial V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells have a high expression of activation markers CD45R0 (\u201cmemory cells\u201d) and HLA\u2010DR as compared to PB, indicating a preactivated population of V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1\u2010carrying T cells <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and (b) interleukin 2\u2010induced expansion of synovial cells yields a high proportion of \u03b3\/\u03b4 in most samples expressing predominantly the V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1 TcR. Junctional sequence analysis of the TcR \u03b4 chain from interleukin 2\u2010expanded PB cell lines demonstrated a polyclonal V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1 population in three out of three samples. In SF cell lines three out of four samples were polyclonally expanded. In SF from one patient, however, a limited repertoire of expressed V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1 genes was found. Altogether, our data demonstrate the presence of preactivated V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1\u2010expressing cells in the synovial compartment. This V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1 population is predominantly polyclonal, except in one patient where oligoclonally expanded V<jats:sub>\u03b4<\/jats:sub>1 cells were detected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T13:56:14Z","timestamp":1172757374000},"page":"567-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["T cell receptor diversity and activation markers in the V<sub>\u03b4<\/sub>1 subset of rheumatoid synovial fluid and peripheral blood T lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Bucht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hultman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Uhl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ethel","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Kiessling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alvar","family":"Gr\u00f6nberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/334395a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.8.2480","volume":"143","author":"Falini B.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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