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Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that Hly also facilitates recognition of listerial antigens, in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, by CD8 T lymphocytes. Data presented here confirm that the Hly\u2010deficient strains, the prfA<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> mutant <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> SLCC53 and the transposon mutants <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> M3 and M20 are avirulent for mice, and unable to replicate inside bone marrow\u2010derived macrophages (BMM\u03a6). Furthermore, BMM\u03a6 infected with M3, M20 or SLCC53 were as efficiently lysed as BMM\u03a6 infected with the Hly\u2010positive wild\u2010type strain EGD by MHC class I\u2010dependent CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction method, hly mRNA was detectable in BMM\u03a6 infected with <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> EGD or SLCC53, but totally absent in M3\u2010infected BMM\u03a6. In the case of M20, an excision of the transposon occurred, but the excision was not precise and the hly gene was approximately 400 base pairs shorter. These findings argue against a unique role for Hly in MHC class I presentation of listerial antigens, although Hly appears central to virulence and intracellular replication. Thus, virulence of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> is dissociable from MHC class I presentation of listerial antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T21:30:56Z","timestamp":1172784656000},"page":"1471-1477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Presentation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i> antigens by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes independent of listeriolysin secretion and virulence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Szalay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan H. 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